Spring框架web項目實戰全代碼分享

以下是一個最簡單的示例

1、新建一個標準的javaweb項目

2、導入spring所需的一些基本的jar包

3、配置web.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app version="2.5" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"> <!-- 應用程序Spring上下文配置--> <context-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value> classpath*:applicationContext*.xml, </param-value> </context-param> <!-- spring上下文加載監聽器--> <listener> <listener-class> org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener </listener-class> </listener> <welcome-file-list> <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file> </welcome-file-list> </web-app>

4、添加spring配置文件applicationContext

5、對applicationContext.xml文件做最簡單的配置

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd" default-lazy-init="false" default-autowire="byName"> <bean id="user"> <property name="name" value="張三"/> </bean> </beans>

beans――xml文件的根節點。

xmlns――是XMLNameSpace的縮寫，因為XML文件的標籤名稱都是自定義的，自己寫的和其他人定義的標籤很有可能會重複命名，而功能卻不一樣，所以需要加上一個namespace來區分這個xml文件和其他的xml文件，類似於java中的package。

xmlns:xsi――是指xml文件遵守xml規範，xsi全名：xmlschemainstance，是指具體用到的schema資源文件裡定義的元素所準守的規範。即/spring-beans-2.0.xsd這個文件裡定義的元素遵守什麼標準。

xsi:schemaLocation――是指，本文檔裡的xml元素所遵守的規範，schemaLocation屬性用來引用(schema)模式文檔，解析器可以在需要的情況下使用這個文檔對XML實例文檔進行校驗。它的值(URI)是成對出現的，第一個值表示命名空間，第二個值則表示描述該命名空間的模式文檔的具體位置，兩個值之間以空格分隔。

6、新建一個實體類User.java

 package com.po; public class User { private String name; private String age; public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public String getAge() { return age; } public void setAge(String age) { this.age = age; } }

7、測試

public static void main(String[] args) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub ApplicationContext ac = new FileSystemXmlApplicationContext("config/applicationContext.xml"); User user =(User)ac.getBean("user"); System.out.println(user.getName()); }

輸出

這就實現web項目搭建基礎spring框架。接下來就做一些真正項目中會用到的一些擴展可以在web.xml中配置一些spring框架集成的功能或其他設置

<!-- 字符編碼過濾器，必須放在過濾器的最上面--> <filter> <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name> <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class> <init-param> <param-name>forceEncoding</param-name> <param-value>true</param-value> </init-param> <init-param> <param-name>encoding</param-name> <param-value>UTF-8</param-value> </init-param> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <!-- 配置延遲加載時使用OpenSessionInView--> <filter> <filter-name>openSessionInViewFilter</filter-name> <filter-class> org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.OpenSessionInViewFilter </filter-class> <init-param> <param-name>singleSession</param-name> <param-value>true</param-value> </init-param> <init-param> <param-name>sessionFactoryBeanName</param-name> <!--指定對Spring配置中哪個sessionFactory使用OpenSessionInView--> <param-value>sessionFactory</param-value> </init-param> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>openSessionInViewFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <!-- spring security過濾器org.springframework.web.filter.DelegatingFilterProxy（委託過濾器代理）--> <!-- 使用springSecurity或apache shiro就會用到這個過濾器，--> <filter> <filter-name>springSecurityFilterChain</filter-name> <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.DelegatingFilterProxy</filter-class> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>springSecurityFilterChain</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <!-- 聲明Spring MVC DispatcherServlet --> <servlet> <servlet-name>springDispatcher</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> <init-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath*:spring-mvc.xml</param-value> </init-param> <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> </servlet> <!-- map all requests for /* to the dispatcher servlet --> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>springDispatcher</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <!-- 配置出錯頁面--> <error-page> <error-code>404</error-code> <location>errorpage/404.jsp</location> </error-page> <!-- 401錯誤--> <error-page> <error-code>401</error-code> <location>/errorpage/401.html</location> </error-page> <!-- 為每個jsp頁面引入taglib.jspf等文件--> <jsp-config> <taglib> <taglib-uri>/WEB-INF/runqianReport4.tld</taglib-uri> <taglib-location>/WEB-INF/runqianReport4.tld</taglib-location> </taglib> <jsp-property-group> <url-pattern>*.jsp</url-pattern> <page-encoding>UTF-8</page-encoding> <include-prelude>/tag/taglib.jspf</include-prelude> <!--<trim-directive-whitespaces>true</trim-directive-whitespaces> --> </jsp-property-group> </jsp-config>

其中jspf就是做一些全局的聲明

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" <span style="white-space:pre"> </span>pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> <%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core"%> <%@ taglib prefix="fn" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/functions"%> <%@ taglib prefix="fmt" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/fmt"%> <%@ taglib prefix="fnc" uri="/WEB-INF/tlds/fnc.tld" %> <%@ taglib tagdir="/WEB-INF/tags" prefix="mytag"%> <c:set var="ctx" scope="session" <span style="white-space:pre"> </span>value="${pageContext.request.contextPath}" />

可以在applicationContext.xml中配置更多的功能

<!-- beans可以添加更多聲明--> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:jee="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.0.xsd" default-lazy-init="false" default-autowire="byName"> <!-- 使用註解定義切面--> <aop:aspectj-autoproxy /> <mvc:annotation-driven /> <!-- spring 註釋代替配置，自動掃描的基礎包，將掃描該包以及所有子包下的所有類需要把controller去掉，否則影響事務管理--> <context:component-scan base-package="com.schoolnet"> <context:exclude-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller" /> </context:component-scan> <!-- 配置系統properties配置文件--> <bean id="propertyConfigurer" > <property name="fileEncoding" value="UTF-8" /> <property name="locations"> <list> <value>classpath:jdbc.properties</value> </list> </property> </bean> <!-- 數據源配置--> <bean id="dataSource" destroy-method="close"> <property name="driverClass" value="${jdbc.driverClassName}" /> <property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbc.url}" /> <property name="user" value="${jdbc.username}" /> <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}" /> <property name="minPoolSize"> <value>1</value> </property> <property name="maxPoolSize" value="100" /> <property name="initialPoolSize" value="3" /> <!--最大空閒時間,60秒內未使用則連接被丟棄。若為0則永不丟棄。 Default: 0 --> <property name="maxIdleTime" value="60" /> <!--當連接池中的連接耗盡的時候c3p0一次同時獲取的連接數。 Default: 3 --> <property name="acquireIncrement" value="5" /> <property name="maxStatements" value="0" /> <!--每60秒檢查所有連接池中的空閒連接。 Default: 0 --> <property name="idleConnectionTestPeriod" value="60" /> <!--定義在從數據庫獲取新連接失敗後重複嘗試的次數。 Default: 30 --> <property name="acquireRetryAttempts" value="30" /> <!-- 獲取連接失敗將會引起所有等待連接池來獲取連接的線程拋出異常。但是數據源仍有效保留，並在下次調用getConnection()的時候繼續嘗試獲取連接。如果設為true，那麼在嘗試獲取連接失敗後該數據源將申明已斷開並永久關閉。 Default: false --> <property name="breakAfterAcquireFailure" value="false" /> <!-- 因性能消耗大請只在需要的時候使用它。如果設為true那麼在每個connection提交的時候都將校驗其有效性。建議使用idleConnectionTestPeriod或automaticTestTable 等方法來提升連接測試的性能。 Default: false --> <property name="testConnectionOnCheckout" value="false" /> </bean> <!-- 定義事務管理器（聲明式的事務）--> <!-- 支持@Transactional 標記--> <!-- 方式一：DataSourceTransactionManager --> <bean id="transactionManager" > <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" /> </bean> <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"/> <!-- 方式二：hibernateTransactionManager --> <bean id="hibernateTransactionManager" > <property name="sessionFactory"> <ref local="sessionFactory" /> </property> </bean> <!-- 配置hibernate的session工廠--> <bean id="sessionFactory" > <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" /> <property name="lobHandler" ref="lobHandler"/> <property name="mappingLocations"> <list> <value>classpath*:/com/schoolnet/**/*.hbm.xml</value> </list> </property> <property name="hibernateProperties"> <props> <!-- 解決在Oracle多個表空間表名相同導致hibernate不會自動生成表--> <prop key="hibernate.default_schema">${jdbc.username}</prop> <prop key="hibernate.dialect"> org.hibernate.dialect.Oracle10gDialect </prop> <prop key="hibernate.show_sql">true</prop> <!--解決內存洩漏問題--> <prop key="hibernate.generate_statistics">false</prop> <prop key="hibernate.connection.release_mode"> auto </prop> <prop key="hibernate.autoReconnect">true</prop> <prop key="hibernate.cache.provider_class"> org.hibernate.cache.EhCacheProvider </prop> <!--解決內存洩漏問題--> <prop key="hibernate.cache.use_query_cache">false</prop> <prop key="use_second_level_cache">false</prop> <prop key="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">update</prop> <prop key="current_session_context_class">thread</prop> </props> </property> <property name="eventListeners"> <map> <entry key="merge"> <bean /> </entry> </map> </property> </bean> <!--2.配置Hibernate事務特性--> <tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="hibernateTransactionManager"> <tx:attributes> <tx:method name="save*" propagation="REQUIRED" rollback-for="Exception" /> <tx:method name="add*" propagation="REQUIRED" rollback-for="Exception" /> <tx:method name="update*" propagation="REQUIRED" rollback-for="Exception" /> <tx:method name="modify*" propagation="REQUIRED" rollback-for="Exception" /> <tx:method name="del*" propagation="REQUIRED" rollback-for="Exception" /> <tx:method name="start*" propagation="REQUIRED" rollback-for="Exception" /> <tx:method name="stop*" propagation="REQUIRED" rollback-for="Exception" /> <tx:method name="assign*" propagation="REQUIRED" rollback-for="Exception" /> <tx:method name="clear*" propagation="REQUIRED" rollback-for="Exception" /> <tx:method name="execute*" propagation="REQUIRED" rollback-for="Exception" /> <tx:method name="insert*" propagation="REQUIRED" rollback-for="Exception" /> <tx:method name="do*" propagation="REQUIRED" rollback-for="Exception" /> <tx:method name="set*" propagation="REQUIRED" rollback-for="Exception" /> <tx:method name="*N" propagation="NEVER" /> <tx:method name="*" read-only="true"/> </tx:attributes> </tx:advice> <!-- 配置那些類的方法進行事務管理--> <aop:config> <aop:advisor pointcut="execution(* com.eshine..*.service.*.*(..))" advice-ref="txAdvice" /> </aop:config>

spring-mvc.xml文件配置

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:jee="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.0.xsd"> <context:component-scan base-package="com.schoolnet" use-default-filters="false"> <context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller" /> </context:component-scan> <mvc:annotation-driven /> <mvc:default-servlet-handler /> <!-- jsp視圖解析器--> <bean id="jspViewResolver"> <property name="prefix" value="/" /> <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" /> <property name="order" value="0" /> <property name="contentType" value="text/html;charset=UTF-8" /> </bean> <!--多文上傳，限制1G文件--> <bean id="multipartResolver"> <property name="maxUploadSize" value="1073741824" /> </bean> </beans>

總結

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