以下是一个最简单的示例
1、新建一个标准的javaweb项目
2、导入spring所需的一些基本的jar包
3、配置web.xml文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app version="2.5" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"> <!-- 应用程序Spring上下文配置 --> <context-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value> classpath*:applicationContext*.xml, </param-value> </context-param> <!-- spring上下文加载监听器 --> <listener> <listener-class> org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener </listener-class> </listener> <welcome-file-list> <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file> </welcome-file-list> </web-app>
4、添加spring配置文件applicationContext
5、对applicationContext.xml文件做最简单的配置
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd" default-lazy-init="false" default-autowire="byName"> <bean id="user"> <property name="name" value="张三"/> </bean> </beans>
beans――xml文件的根节点。
xmlns――是XMLNameSpace的缩写，因为XML文件的标签名称都是自定义的，自己写的和其他人定义的标签很有可能会重复命名，而功能却不一样，所以需要加上一个namespace来区分这个xml文件和其他的xml文件，类似于java中的package。
xmlns:xsi――是指xml文件遵守xml规范，xsi全名：xmlschemainstance，是指具体用到的schema资源文件里定义的元素所准守的规范。即/spring-beans-2.0.xsd这个文件里定义的元素遵守什么标准。
xsi:schemaLocation――是指，本文档里的xml元素所遵守的规范，schemaLocation属性用来引用(schema)模式文档，解析器可以在需要的情况下使用这个文档对XML实例文档进行校验。它的值(URI)是成对出现的，第一个值表示命名空间，第二个值则表示描述该命名空间的模式文档的具体位置，两个值之间以空格分隔。
6、新建一个实体类User.java
package com.po; public class User { private String name; private String age; public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public String getAge() { return age; } public void setAge(String age) { this.age = age; } } 7、测试
public static void main(String[] args) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub ApplicationContext ac = new FileSystemXmlApplicationContext("config/applicationContext.xml"); User user =(User)ac.getBean("user"); System.out.println(user.getName()); } 输出
这就实现web项目搭建基础spring框架。接下来就做一些真正项目中会用到的一些扩展
可以在web.xml中配置一些spring框架集成的功能或其他设置
<!-- 字符编码过滤器，必须放在过滤器的最上面 --> <filter> <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name> <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class> <init-param> <param-name>forceEncoding</param-name> <param-value>true</param-value> </init-param> <init-param> <param-name>encoding</param-name> <param-value>UTF-8</param-value> </init-param> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <!-- 配置延迟加载时使用OpenSessionInView--> <filter> <filter-name>openSessionInViewFilter</filter-name> <filter-class> org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.OpenSessionInViewFilter </filter-class> <init-param> <param-name>singleSession</param-name> <param-value>true</param-value> </init-param> <init-param> <param-name>sessionFactoryBeanName</param-name> <!--指定对Spring配置中哪个sessionFactory使用OpenSessionInView--> <param-value>sessionFactory</param-value> </init-param> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>openSessionInViewFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <!-- spring security过滤器 org.springframework.web.filter.DelegatingFilterProxy（委托过滤器代理）--> <!-- 使用springSecurity或apache shiro就会用到这个过滤器，--> <filter> <filter-name>springSecurityFilterChain</filter-name> <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.DelegatingFilterProxy</filter-class> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>springSecurityFilterChain</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <!-- 声明 Spring MVC DispatcherServlet --> <servlet> <servlet-name>springDispatcher</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> <init-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath*:spring-mvc.xml</param-value> </init-param> <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> </servlet> <!-- map all requests for /* to the dispatcher servlet --> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>springDispatcher</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <!-- 配置出错页面 --> <error-page> <error-code>404</error-code> <location>errorpage/404.jsp</location> </error-page> <!-- 401错误 --> <error-page> <error-code>401</error-code> <location>/errorpage/401.html</location> </error-page> <!-- 为每个jsp页面引入taglib.jspf等文件 --> <jsp-config> <taglib> <taglib-uri>/WEB-INF/runqianReport4.tld</taglib-uri> <taglib-location>/WEB-INF/runqianReport4.tld</taglib-location> </taglib> <jsp-property-group> <url-pattern>*.jsp</url-pattern> <page-encoding>UTF-8</page-encoding> <include-prelude>/tag/taglib.jspf</include-prelude> <!--<trim-directive-whitespaces>true</trim-directive-whitespaces> --> </jsp-property-group> </jsp-config>
其中jspf就是做一些全局的声明
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" <span style="white-space:pre"> </span>pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> <%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core"%> <%@ taglib prefix="fn" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/functions"%> <%@ taglib prefix="fmt" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/fmt"%> <%@ taglib prefix="fnc" uri="/WEB-INF/tlds/fnc.tld" %> <%@ taglib tagdir="/WEB-INF/tags" prefix="mytag"%> <c:set var="ctx" scope="session" <span style="white-space:pre"> </span>value="${pageContext.request.contextPath}" /> 可以在applicationContext.xml中配置更多的功能
<!-- beans可以添加更多声明 --> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:jee="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.0.xsd" default-lazy-init="false" default-autowire="byName"> <!-- 使用注解定义切面 --> <aop:aspectj-autoproxy /> <mvc:annotation-driven /> <!-- spring 注释代替配置，自动扫描的基础包，将扫描该包以及所有子包下的所有类需要把controller去掉，否则影响事务管理 --> <context:component-scan base-package="com.schoolnet"> <context:exclude-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller" /> </context:component-scan> <!-- 配置系统properties配置文件 --> <bean id="propertyConfigurer" > <property name="fileEncoding" value="UTF-8" /> <property name="locations"> <list> <value>classpath:jdbc.properties</value> </list> </property> </bean> <!-- 数据源配置 --> <bean id="dataSource" destroy-method="close"> <property name="driverClass" value="${jdbc.driverClassName}" /> <property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbc.url}" /> <property name="user" value="${jdbc.username}" /> <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}" /> <property name="minPoolSize"> <value>1</value> </property> <property name="maxPoolSize" value="100" /> <property name="initialPoolSize" value="3" /> <!--最大空闲时间,60秒内未使用则连接被丢弃。若为0则永不丢弃。Default: 0 --> <property name="maxIdleTime" value="60" /> <!--当连接池中的连接耗尽的时候c3p0一次同时获取的连接数。Default: 3 --> <property name="acquireIncrement" value="5" /> <property name="maxStatements" value="0" /> <!--每60秒检查所有连接池中的空闲连接。Default: 0 --> <property name="idleConnectionTestPeriod" value="60" /> <!--定义在从数据库获取新连接失败后重复尝试的次数。Default: 30 --> <property name="acquireRetryAttempts" value="30" /> <!-- 获取连接失败将会引起所有等待连接池来获取连接的线程抛出异常。但是数据源仍有效 保留，并在下次调用getConnection()的时候继续尝试获取连接。如果设为true，那么在尝试 获取连接失败后该数据源将申明已断开并永久关闭。Default: false --> <property name="breakAfterAcquireFailure" value="false" /> <!-- 因性能消耗大请只在需要的时候使用它。如果设为true那么在每个connection提交的 时候都将校验其有效性。建议使用idleConnectionTestPeriod或automaticTestTable 等方法来提升连接测试的性能。Default: false --> <property name="testConnectionOnCheckout" value="false" /> </bean> <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务）--> <!-- 支持 @Transactional 标记 --> <!-- 方式一：DataSourceTransactionManager --> <bean id="transactionManager" > <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" /> </bean> <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"/> <!-- 方式二：hibernateTransactionManager --> <bean id="hibernateTransactionManager" > <property name="sessionFactory"> <ref local="sessionFactory" /> </property> </bean> <!-- 配置hibernate的session工厂 --> <bean id="sessionFactory" > <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" /> <property name="lobHandler" ref="lobHandler"/> <property name="mappingLocations"> <list> <value>classpath*:/com/schoolnet/**/*.hbm.xml</value> </list> </property> <property name="hibernateProperties"> <props> <!-- 解决在Oracle多个表空间表名相同导致hibernate不会自动生成表 --> <prop key="hibernate.default_schema">${jdbc.username}</prop> <prop key="hibernate.dialect"> org.hibernate.dialect.Oracle10gDialect </prop> <prop key="hibernate.show_sql">true</prop> <!--解决内存泄漏问题 --> <prop key="hibernate.generate_statistics">false</prop> <prop key="hibernate.connection.release_mode"> auto </prop> <prop key="hibernate.autoReconnect">true</prop> <prop key="hibernate.cache.provider_class"> org.hibernate.cache.EhCacheProvider </prop> <!--解决内存泄漏问题 --> <prop key="hibernate.cache.use_query_cache">false</prop> <prop key="use_second_level_cache">false</prop> <prop key="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">update</prop> <prop key="current_session_context_class">thread</prop> </props> </property> <property name="eventListeners"> <map> <entry key="merge"> <bean /> </entry> </map> </property> </bean> <!--2.配置Hibernate事务特性 --> <tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="hibernateTransactionManager"> <tx:attributes> <tx:method name="save*" propagation="REQUIRED" rollback-for="Exception" /> <tx:method name="add*" propagation="REQUIRED" rollback-for="Exception" /> <tx:method name="update*" propagation="REQUIRED" rollback-for="Exception" /> <tx:method name="modify*" propagation="REQUIRED" rollback-for="Exception" /> <tx:method name="del*" propagation="REQUIRED" rollback-for="Exception" /> <tx:method name="start*" propagation="REQUIRED" rollback-for="Exception" /> <tx:method name="stop*" propagation="REQUIRED" rollback-for="Exception" /> <tx:method name="assign*" propagation="REQUIRED" rollback-for="Exception" /> <tx:method name="clear*" propagation="REQUIRED" rollback-for="Exception" /> <tx:method name="execute*" propagation="REQUIRED" rollback-for="Exception" /> <tx:method name="insert*" propagation="REQUIRED" rollback-for="Exception" /> <tx:method name="do*" propagation="REQUIRED" rollback-for="Exception" /> <tx:method name="set*" propagation="REQUIRED" rollback-for="Exception" /> <tx:method name="*N" propagation="NEVER" /> <tx:method name="*" read-only="true"/> </tx:attributes> </tx:advice> <!-- 配置那些类的方法进行事务管理 --> <aop:config> <aop:advisor pointcut="execution(* com.eshine..*.service.*.*(..))" advice-ref="txAdvice" /> </aop:config> spring-mvc.xml文件配置
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:jee="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.0.xsd"> <context:component-scan base-package="com.schoolnet" use-default-filters="false"> <context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller" /> </context:component-scan> <mvc:annotation-driven /> <mvc:default-servlet-handler /> <!-- jsp视图解析器 --> <bean id="jspViewResolver"> <property name="prefix" value="/" /> <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" /> <property name="order" value="0" /> <property name="contentType" value="text/html;charset=UTF-8" /> </bean> <!--多文上传，限制1G文件 --> <bean id="multipartResolver"> <property name="maxUploadSize" value="1073741824" /> </bean> </beans>
总结
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