史上最全最強SpringMVC詳細示例實戰教程(圖文)

一、SpringMVC基礎入門，創建一個HelloWorld程序

1.首先，導入SpringMVC需要的jar包。

2.添加Web.xml配置文件中關於SpringMVC的配置

<!--configure the setting of springmvcDispatcherServlet and configure the mapping--> <servlet> <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> <init-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value> </init-param> <!-- <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> --> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping>

3.在src下添加springmvc-servlet.xml配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.1.xsd"> <!-- scan the package and the sub package --> <context:component-scan base-package="test.SpringMVC"/> <!-- don't handle the static resource --> <mvc:default-servlet-handler /> <!-- if you use annotation you must configure following setting --> <mvc:annotation-driven /> <!-- configure the InternalResourceViewResolver --> <bean id="internalResourceViewResolver"> <!-- 前綴--> <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/" /> <!-- 後綴--> <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" /> </bean></beans>

4.在WEB-INF文件夾下創建名為jsp的文件夾，用來存放jsp視圖。創建一個hello.jsp，在body中添加“Hello World”。

5.建立包及Controller，如下所示

6.編寫Controller代碼

@Controller@RequestMapping("/mvc")public class mvcController { @RequestMapping("/hello") public String hello(){ return "hello"; }}

7.啟動服務器，鍵入http://localhost:8080/項目名/mvc/hello

二、配置解析

1.Dispatcherservlet

DispatcherServlet是前置控制器，配置在web.xml文件中的。攔截匹配的請求，Servlet攔截匹配規則要自已定義，把攔截下來的請求，依據相應的規則分發到目標Controller來處理，是配置spring MVC的第一步。

2.InternalResourceViewResolver

視圖名稱解析器

3.以上出現的註解

@Controller負責註冊一個bean 到spring 上下文中

@RequestMapping 註解為控制器指定可以處理哪些URL 請求

三、SpringMVC常用註解

@Controller

負責註冊一個bean 到spring 上下文中

@RequestMapping

註解為控制器指定可以處理哪些URL 請求

@RequestBody

該註解用於讀取Request請求的body部分數據，使用系統默認配置的HttpMessageConverter進行解析，然後把相應的數據綁定到要返回的對像上,再把HttpMessageConverter返回的對像數據綁定到controller中方法的參數上

@ResponseBody

該註解用於將Controller的方法返回的對象，通過適當的HttpMessageConverter轉換為指定格式後，寫入到Response對象的body數據區

@ModelAttribute

在方法定義上使用@ModelAttribute 註解：Spring MVC 在調用目標處理方法前，會先逐個調用在方法級上標註了@ModelAttribute 的方法

在方法的入參前使用@ModelAttribute 註解：可以從隱含對像中獲取隱含的模型數據中獲取對象，再將請求參數綁定到對像中，再傳入入參將方法入參對象添加到模型中

@RequestParam

在處理方法入參處使用@RequestParam 可以把請求參數傳遞給請求方法

@PathVariable

綁定URL 佔位符到入參

@ExceptionHandler

註解到方法上，出現異常時會執行該方法

@ControllerAdvice

使一個Contoller成為全局的異常處理類，類中用@ExceptionHandler方法註解的方法可以處理所有Controller發生的異常

四、自動匹配參數

//match automatically @RequestMapping("/person") public String toPerson(String name,double age){ System.out.println(name+" "+age); return "hello"; }

五、自動裝箱

1.編寫一個Person實體類

package test.SpringMVC.model;public class Person { public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public int getAge() { return age; } public void setAge(int age) { this.age = age; } private String name; private int age; }

2.在Controller裡編寫方法

//boxing automatically @RequestMapping("/person1") public String toPerson(Person p){ System.out.println(p.getName()+" "+p.getAge()); return "hello"; }

六、使用InitBinder來處理Date類型的參數

//the parameter was converted in initBinder @RequestMapping("/date") public String date(Date date){ System.out.println(date); return "hello"; } //At the time of initialization,convert the type "String" to type "date" @InitBinder public void initBinder(ServletRequestDataBinder binder){ binder.registerCustomEditor(Date.class, new CustomDateEditor(new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd"), true)); }

七、向前台傳遞參數

//pass the parameters to front-end @RequestMapping("/show") public String showPerson(Map<String,Object> map){ Person p =new Person(); map.put("p", p); p.setAge(20); p.setName("jayjay"); return "show"; }

前台可在Request域中取到"p"

八、使用Ajax調用

//pass the parameters to front-end using ajax @RequestMapping("/getPerson") public void getPerson(String name,PrintWriter pw){ pw.write("hello,"+name); } @RequestMapping("/name") public String sayHello(){ return "name"; }

前台用下面的Jquery代碼調用

$(function(){ $("#btn").click(function(){ $.post("mvc/getPerson",{name:$("#name").val()},function(data){ alert(data); }); }); });

九、在Controller中使用redirect方式處理請求

//redirect @RequestMapping("/redirect") public String redirect(){ return "redirect:hello"; }

十、文件上傳

1.需要導入兩個jar包

2.在SpringMVC配置文件中加入

<!-- upload settings --> <bean id="multipartResolver"> <property name="maxUploadSize" value="102400000"></property> </bean>

3.方法代碼

 @RequestMapping(value="/upload",method=RequestMethod.POST) public String upload(HttpServletRequest req) throws Exception{ MultipartHttpServletRequest mreq = (MultipartHttpServletRequest)req; MultipartFile file = mreq.getFile("file"); String fileName = file.getOriginalFilename(); SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMddHHmmss"); FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(req.getSession().getServletContext().getRealPath("/")+ "upload/"+sdf.format(new Date())+fileName.substring(fileName.lastIndexOf('.'))); fos.write(file.getBytes()); fos.flush(); fos.close(); return "hello"; }

4.前台form表單

 <form action="mvc/upload" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data"> <input type="file" name="file"><br> <input type="submit" value="submit"> </form>

十一、使用@RequestParam註解指定參數的name

 @Controller@RequestMapping("/test")public class mvcController1 { @RequestMapping(value="/param") public String testRequestParam(@RequestParam(value="id") Integer id, @RequestParam(value="name")String name){ System.out.println(id+" "+name); return "/hello"; } }

十二、RESTFul風格的SringMVC

1.RestController

 @Controller@RequestMapping("/rest")public class RestController { @RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.GET) public String get(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){ System.out.println("get"+id); return "/hello"; } @RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.POST) public String post(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){ System.out.println("post"+id); return "/hello"; } @RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.PUT) public String put(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){ System.out.println("put"+id); return "/hello"; } @RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.DELETE) public String delete(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){ System.out.println("delete"+id); return "/hello"; } }

2.form表單發送put和delete請求

在web.xml中配置

<!-- configure the HiddenHttpMethodFilter,convert the post method to put or delete --> <filter> <filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name> <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-class> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping>

在前台可以用以下代碼產生請求

 <form action="rest/user/1" method="post"> <input type="hidden" name="_method" value="PUT"> <input type="submit" value="put"> </form> <form action="rest/user/1" method="post"> <input type="submit" value="post"> </form> <form action="rest/user/1" method="get"> <input type="submit" value="get"> </form> <form action="rest/user/1" method="post"> <input type="hidden" name="_method" value="DELETE"> <input type="submit" value="delete"> </form>

十三、返回json格式的字符串

1.導入以下jar包

2.方法代碼

@Controller@RequestMapping("/json")public class jsonController { @ResponseBody @RequestMapping("/user") public User get(){ User u = new User(); u.setId(1); u.setName("jayjay"); u.setBirth(new Date()); return u; }}

十四、異常的處理

1.處理局部異常（Controller內）

 @ExceptionHandler public ModelAndView exceptionHandler(Exception ex){ ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView("error"); mv.addObject("exception", ex); System.out.println("in testExceptionHandler"); return mv; } @RequestMapping("/error") public String error(){ int i = 5/0; return "hello"; }

2.處理全局異常（所有Controller）

 @ControllerAdvicepublic class testControllerAdvice { @ExceptionHandler public ModelAndView exceptionHandler(Exception ex){ ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView("error"); mv.addObject("exception", ex); System.out.println("in testControllerAdvice"); return mv; }}

3.另一種處理全局異常的方法

在SpringMVC配置文件中配置

<!-- configure SimpleMappingExceptionResolver --> <bean> <property name="exceptionMappings"> <props> <prop key="java.lang.ArithmeticException">error</prop> </props> </property> </bean>

error是出錯頁面

十五、設置一個自定義攔截器

1.創建一個MyInterceptor類，並實現HandlerInterceptor接口

public class MyInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor { @Override public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1, Object arg2, Exception arg3) throws Exception { System.out.println("afterCompletion"); } @Override public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1, Object arg2, ModelAndView arg3) throws Exception { System.out.println("postHandle"); } @Override public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1, Object arg2) throws Exception { System.out.println("preHandle"); return true; }}

2.在SpringMVC的配置文件中配置

 <!-- interceptor setting --> <mvc:interceptors> <mvc:interceptor> <mvc:mapping path="/mvc/**"/> <bean></bean>gt; </mvc:interceptor> </mvc:interceptors>

3.攔截器執行順序

十六、表單的驗證（使用Hibernate-validate）及國際化

1.導入Hibernate-validate需要的jar包

(未選中不用導入)

2.編寫實體類User並加上驗證註解

public class User { public int getId() { return id; } public void setId(int id) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public Date getBirth() { return birth; } public void setBirth(Date birth) { this.birth = birth; } @Override public String toString() { return "User [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", birth=" + birth + "]"; } private int id; @NotEmpty private String name; @Past @DateTimeFormat(pattern="yyyy-MM-dd") private Date birth;}

ps:@Past表示時間必須是一個過去值

3.在jsp中使用SpringMVC的form表單

 <form:form action="form/add" method="post" modelAttribute="user"> id:<form:input path="id"/><form:errors path="id"/><br> name:<form:input path="name"/><form:errors path="name"/><br> birth:<form:input path="birth"/><form:errors path="birth"/> <input type="submit" value="submit"> </form:form>

ps:path對應name

4.Controller中代碼

@Controller@RequestMapping("/form")public class formController { @RequestMapping(value="/add",method=RequestMethod.POST) public String add(@Valid User u,BindingResult br){ if(br.getErrorCount()>0){ return "addUser"; } return "showUser"; } @RequestMapping(value="/add",method=RequestMethod.GET) public String add(Map<String,Object> map){ map.put("user",new User()); return "addUser"; }}

ps:

1.因為jsp中使用了modelAttribute屬性，所以必須在request域中有一個"user".

2.@Valid 表示按照在實體上標記的註解驗證參數

3.返回到原頁面錯誤信息回回顯，表單也會回顯

5.錯誤信息自定義

在src目錄下添加locale.properties

 NotEmpty.user.name=name can't not be emptyPast.user.birth=birth should be a past valueDateTimeFormat.user.birth=the format of input is wrongtypeMismatch.user.birth=the format of input is wrongtypeMismatch.user.id=the format of input is wrong

在SpringMVC配置文件中配置

 <!-- configure the locale resource --> <bean id="messageSource"> <property name="basename" value="locale"></property> </bean>

6.國際化顯示

在src下添加locale_zh_CN.properties

 username=賬號password=密碼

locale.properties中添加

username=user namepassword=password

創建一個locale.jsp

 <body> <fmt:message key="username"></fmt:message> <fmt:message key="password"></fmt:message> </body>

在SpringMVC中配置

 <!-- make the jsp page can be visited --> <mvc:view-controller path="/locale" view-name="locale"/>

讓locale.jsp在WEB-INF下也能直接訪問

最後，訪問locale.jsp，切換瀏覽器語言，能看到賬號和密碼的語言也切換了

十七、壓軸大戲--整合SpringIOC和SpringMVC

1.創建一個test.SpringMVC.integrate的包用來演示整合，並創建各類

2.User實體類

public class User { public int getId() { return id; } public void setId(int id) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public Date getBirth() { return birth; } public void setBirth(Date birth) { this.birth = birth; } @Override public String toString() { return "User [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", birth=" + birth + "]"; } private int id; @NotEmpty private String name; @Past @DateTimeFormat(pattern="yyyy-MM-dd") private Date birth;}

3.UserService類

@Componentpublic class UserService { public UserService(){ System.out.println("UserService Constructor.../n/n/n/n/n/n"); } public void save(){ System.out.println("save"); }}

4.UserController

 @Controller@RequestMapping("/integrate")public class UserController { @Autowired private UserService userService; @RequestMapping("/user") public String saveUser(@RequestBody @ModelAttribute User u){ System.out.println(u); userService.save(); return "hello"; }}

5.Spring配置文件

在src目錄下創建SpringIOC的配置文件applicationContext.xml

 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd " xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" > <context:component-scan base-package="test.SpringMVC.integrate"> <context:exclude-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/> <context:exclude-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice"/> </context:component-scan> </beans>

在Web.xml中添加配置

<!-- configure the springIOC --> <listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class> </listener> <context-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value> </context-param>

6.在SpringMVC中進行一些配置，防止SpringMVC和SpringIOC對同一個對象的管理重合

<!-- scan the package and the sub package --> <context:component-scan base-package="test.SpringMVC.integrate"> <context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/> <context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice"/> </context:component-scan>

十八、SpringMVC詳細運行流程圖

十九、SpringMVC與struts2的區別

1、springmvc基於方法開發的，struts2基於類開發的。 springmvc將url和controller裡的方法映射。映射成功後springmvc生成一個Handler對象，對像中只包括了一個method。方法執行結束，形參數據銷毀。 springmvc的controller開發類似web service開發。

2、springmvc可以進行單例開發，並且建議使用單例開發，struts2通過類的成員變量接收參數，無法使用單例，只能使用多例。

3、經過實際測試，struts2速度慢，在於使用struts標籤，如果使用struts建議使用jstl。