史上最全最强SpringMVC详细示例实战教程(图文)

一、SpringMVC基础入门，创建一个HelloWorld程序

　1.首先，导入SpringMVC需要的jar包。

　2.添加Web.xml配置文件中关于SpringMVC的配置

<!--configure the setting of springmvcDispatcherServlet and configure the mapping--> <servlet>   <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>   <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>   <init-param>      <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>      <param-value>classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value>    </init-param>    <!-- <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> --> </servlet> <servlet-mapping>   <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>   <url-pattern>/</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping>

　3.在src下添加springmvc-servlet.xml配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"  xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"  xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"  xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.1.xsd    http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.1.xsd">            <!-- scan the package and the sub package -->  <context:component-scan base-package="test.SpringMVC"/>  <!-- don't handle the static resource -->  <mvc:default-servlet-handler />  <!-- if you use annotation you must configure following setting -->  <mvc:annotation-driven />    <!-- configure the InternalResourceViewResolver -->  <bean       id="internalResourceViewResolver">    <!-- 前缀 -->    <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/" />    <!-- 后缀 -->    <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />  </bean></beans>

　4.在WEB-INF文件夹下创建名为jsp的文件夹，用来存放jsp视图。创建一个hello.jsp，在body中添加“Hello World”。

　5.建立包及Controller，如下所示

　6.编写Controller代码

@Controller@RequestMapping("/mvc")public class mvcController {  @RequestMapping("/hello")  public String hello(){        return "hello";  }}

　7.启动服务器，键入http://localhost:8080/项目名/mvc/hello

二、配置解析

　1.Dispatcherservlet

　DispatcherServlet是前置控制器，配置在web.xml文件中的。拦截匹配的请求，Servlet拦截匹配规则要自已定义，把拦截下来的请求，依据相应的规则分发到目标Controller来处理，是配置spring MVC的第一步。

　2.InternalResourceViewResolver

　视图名称解析器

　3.以上出现的注解

　@Controller负责注册一个bean 到spring 上下文中

　@RequestMapping 注解为控制器指定可以处理哪些 URL 请求

三、SpringMVC常用注解

　@Controller

　负责注册一个bean 到spring 上下文中

　@RequestMapping

　注解为控制器指定可以处理哪些 URL 请求

　@RequestBody

　该注解用于读取Request请求的body部分数据，使用系统默认配置的HttpMessageConverter进行解析，然后把相应的数据绑定到要返回的对象上,再把HttpMessageConverter返回的对象数据绑定到 controller中方法的参数上

　@ResponseBody

　该注解用于将Controller的方法返回的对象，通过适当的HttpMessageConverter转换为指定格式后，写入到Response对象的body数据区

　@ModelAttribute　　　

　在方法定义上使用 @ModelAttribute 注解：Spring MVC 在调用目标处理方法前，会先逐个调用在方法级上标注了@ModelAttribute 的方法

　在方法的入参前使用 @ModelAttribute 注解：可以从隐含对象中获取隐含的模型数据中获取对象，再将请求参数 绑定到对象中，再传入入参将方法入参对象添加到模型中

　@RequestParam　

　在处理方法入参处使用 @RequestParam 可以把请求参 数传递给请求方法

　@PathVariable

　绑定 URL 占位符到入参

　@ExceptionHandler

　注解到方法上，出现异常时会执行该方法

　@ControllerAdvice

　使一个Contoller成为全局的异常处理类，类中用@ExceptionHandler方法注解的方法可以处理所有Controller发生的异常

四、自动匹配参数

//match automatically @RequestMapping("/person") public String toPerson(String name,double age){   System.out.println(name+" "+age);   return "hello"; }

五、自动装箱

　1.编写一个Person实体类

package test.SpringMVC.model;public class Person {  public String getName() {    return name;  }  public void setName(String name) {    this.name = name;  }  public int getAge() {    return age;  }  public void setAge(int age) {    this.age = age;  }  private String name;  private int age;  }

　2.在Controller里编写方法

//boxing automatically @RequestMapping("/person1") public String toPerson(Person p){   System.out.println(p.getName()+" "+p.getAge());   return "hello"; }

六、使用InitBinder来处理Date类型的参数

//the parameter was converted in initBinder @RequestMapping("/date") public String date(Date date){   System.out.println(date);   return "hello"; }   //At the time of initialization,convert the type "String" to type "date" @InitBinder public void initBinder(ServletRequestDataBinder binder){   binder.registerCustomEditor(Date.class, new CustomDateEditor(new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd"),       true)); }

七、向前台传递参数

//pass the parameters to front-end @RequestMapping("/show") public String showPerson(Map<String,Object> map){   Person p =new Person();   map.put("p", p);   p.setAge(20);   p.setName("jayjay");   return "show"; }

　前台可在Request域中取到"p"

八、使用Ajax调用

//pass the parameters to front-end using ajax @RequestMapping("/getPerson") public void getPerson(String name,PrintWriter pw){   pw.write("hello,"+name);     } @RequestMapping("/name") public String sayHello(){   return "name"; }

　前台用下面的Jquery代码调用

$(function(){   $("#btn").click(function(){    $.post("mvc/getPerson",{name:$("#name").val()},function(data){       alert(data);     });   }); });

九、在Controller中使用redirect方式处理请求

//redirect  @RequestMapping("/redirect") public String redirect(){   return "redirect:hello"; }

十、文件上传

　1.需要导入两个jar包

　2.在SpringMVC配置文件中加入

<!-- upload settings --> <bean id="multipartResolver">   <property name="maxUploadSize" value="102400000"></property> </bean>

　3.方法代码

 @RequestMapping(value="/upload",method=RequestMethod.POST)  public String upload(HttpServletRequest req) throws Exception{    MultipartHttpServletRequest mreq = (MultipartHttpServletRequest)req;    MultipartFile file = mreq.getFile("file");    String fileName = file.getOriginalFilename();    SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMddHHmmss");        FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(req.getSession().getServletContext().getRealPath("/")+        "upload/"+sdf.format(new Date())+fileName.substring(fileName.lastIndexOf('.')));    fos.write(file.getBytes());    fos.flush();    fos.close();        return "hello";  }

　4.前台form表单

 <form action="mvc/upload" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">    <input type="file" name="file"><br>    <input type="submit" value="submit">  </form>

十一、使用@RequestParam注解指定参数的name

@Controller@RequestMapping("/test")public class mvcController1 {  @RequestMapping(value="/param")  public String testRequestParam(@RequestParam(value="id") Integer id,      @RequestParam(value="name")String name){    System.out.println(id+" "+name);    return "/hello";  }  }

十二、RESTFul风格的SringMVC

　1.RestController

@Controller@RequestMapping("/rest")public class RestController {  @RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.GET)  public String get(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){    System.out.println("get"+id);    return "/hello";  }    @RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.POST)  public String post(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){    System.out.println("post"+id);    return "/hello";  }    @RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.PUT)  public String put(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){    System.out.println("put"+id);    return "/hello";  }    @RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.DELETE)  public String delete(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){    System.out.println("delete"+id);    return "/hello";  }  }

　2.form表单发送put和delete请求

　在web.xml中配置

<!-- configure the HiddenHttpMethodFilter,convert the post method to put or delete --> <filter>   <filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name>   <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-class> </filter> <filter-mapping>   <filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name>   <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping>

　在前台可以用以下代码产生请求

 <form action="rest/user/1" method="post">    <input type="hidden" name="_method" value="PUT">    <input type="submit" value="put">  </form>    <form action="rest/user/1" method="post">    <input type="submit" value="post">  </form>    <form action="rest/user/1" method="get">    <input type="submit" value="get">  </form>    <form action="rest/user/1" method="post">    <input type="hidden" name="_method" value="DELETE">    <input type="submit" value="delete">  </form>

十三、返回json格式的字符串

　1.导入以下jar包

　2.方法代码

@Controller@RequestMapping("/json")public class jsonController {    @ResponseBody  @RequestMapping("/user")  public User get(){    User u = new User();    u.setId(1);    u.setName("jayjay");    u.setBirth(new Date());    return u;  }}

十四、异常的处理

　1.处理局部异常（Controller内）

@ExceptionHandler public ModelAndView exceptionHandler(Exception ex){   ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView("error");   mv.addObject("exception", ex);   System.out.println("in testExceptionHandler");   return mv; }   @RequestMapping("/error") public String error(){   int i = 5/0;   return "hello"; }

　2.处理全局异常（所有Controller）

@ControllerAdvicepublic class testControllerAdvice {  @ExceptionHandler  public ModelAndView exceptionHandler(Exception ex){    ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView("error");    mv.addObject("exception", ex);    System.out.println("in testControllerAdvice");    return mv;  }}

　3.另一种处理全局异常的方法

　在SpringMVC配置文件中配置

<!-- configure SimpleMappingExceptionResolver --> <bean>   <property name="exceptionMappings">     <props>       <prop key="java.lang.ArithmeticException">error</prop>     </props>   </property> </bean>

　error是出错页面

十五、设置一个自定义拦截器

　1.创建一个MyInterceptor类，并实现HandlerInterceptor接口

public class MyInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {  @Override  public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest arg0,      HttpServletResponse arg1, Object arg2, Exception arg3)      throws Exception {    System.out.println("afterCompletion");  }  @Override  public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1,      Object arg2, ModelAndView arg3) throws Exception {    System.out.println("postHandle");  }  @Override  public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1,      Object arg2) throws Exception {    System.out.println("preHandle");    return true;  }}

　2.在SpringMVC的配置文件中配置

 <!-- interceptor setting -->  <mvc:interceptors>    <mvc:interceptor>      <mvc:mapping path="/mvc/**"/>      <bean></bean>gt;    </mvc:interceptor>      </mvc:interceptors>

　3.拦截器执行顺序

十六、表单的验证（使用Hibernate-validate）及国际化

　1.导入Hibernate-validate需要的jar包

(未选中不用导入)

　2.编写实体类User并加上验证注解

public class User {  public int getId() {    return id;  }  public void setId(int id) {    this.id = id;  }  public String getName() {    return name;  }  public void setName(String name) {    this.name = name;  }  public Date getBirth() {    return birth;  }  public void setBirth(Date birth) {    this.birth = birth;  }  @Override  public String toString() {    return "User [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", birth=" + birth + "]";  }    private int id;  @NotEmpty  private String name;  @Past  @DateTimeFormat(pattern="yyyy-MM-dd")  private Date birth;}

　ps:@Past表示时间必须是一个过去值

　3.在jsp中使用SpringMVC的form表单

 <form:form action="form/add" method="post" modelAttribute="user">    id:<form:input path="id"/><form:errors path="id"/><br>    name:<form:input path="name"/><form:errors path="name"/><br>    birth:<form:input path="birth"/><form:errors path="birth"/>    <input type="submit" value="submit">  </form:form> 

　ps:path对应name

　4.Controller中代码

@Controller@RequestMapping("/form")public class formController {  @RequestMapping(value="/add",method=RequestMethod.POST)    public String add(@Valid User u,BindingResult br){    if(br.getErrorCount()>0){            return "addUser";    }    return "showUser";  }    @RequestMapping(value="/add",method=RequestMethod.GET)  public String add(Map<String,Object> map){    map.put("user",new User());    return "addUser";  }}

　ps:

　1.因为jsp中使用了modelAttribute属性，所以必须在request域中有一个"user".

　2.@Valid 表示按照在实体上标记的注解验证参数

　3.返回到原页面错误信息回回显，表单也会回显

　5.错误信息自定义

　在src目录下添加locale.properties

NotEmpty.user.name=name can't not be emptyPast.user.birth=birth should be a past valueDateTimeFormat.user.birth=the format of input is wrongtypeMismatch.user.birth=the format of input is wrongtypeMismatch.user.id=the format of input is wrong

　在SpringMVC配置文件中配置

 <!-- configure the locale resource -->  <bean id="messageSource">    <property name="basename" value="locale"></property>  </bean>

　6.国际化显示

　在src下添加locale_zh_CN.properties

username=账号password=密码

　locale.properties中添加

username=user namepassword=password

　创建一个locale.jsp

<body>  <fmt:message key="username"></fmt:message>  <fmt:message key="password"></fmt:message> </body>

　在SpringMVC中配置

 <!-- make the jsp page can be visited -->  <mvc:view-controller path="/locale" view-name="locale"/>

　让locale.jsp在WEB-INF下也能直接访问

　最后，访问locale.jsp，切换浏览器语言，能看到账号和密码的语言也切换了

十七、压轴大戏--整合SpringIOC和SpringMVC

　1.创建一个test.SpringMVC.integrate的包用来演示整合，并创建各类

　2.User实体类

public class User {  public int getId() {    return id;  }  public void setId(int id) {    this.id = id;  }  public String getName() {    return name;  }  public void setName(String name) {    this.name = name;  }  public Date getBirth() {    return birth;  }  public void setBirth(Date birth) {    this.birth = birth;  }  @Override  public String toString() {    return "User [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", birth=" + birth + "]";  }    private int id;  @NotEmpty  private String name;  @Past  @DateTimeFormat(pattern="yyyy-MM-dd")  private Date birth;}

　3.UserService类

@Componentpublic class UserService {  public UserService(){    System.out.println("UserService Constructor.../n/n/n/n/n/n");  }    public void save(){    System.out.println("save");  }}

　4.UserController

@Controller@RequestMapping("/integrate")public class UserController {  @Autowired  private UserService userService;    @RequestMapping("/user")  public String saveUser(@RequestBody @ModelAttribute User u){    System.out.println(u);    userService.save();    return "hello";  }}

　5.Spring配置文件

　在src目录下创建SpringIOC的配置文件applicationContext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"  xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans     http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd     http://www.springframework.org/schema/util     http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.0.xsd    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd    "    xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"    xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"      >  <context:component-scan base-package="test.SpringMVC.integrate">    <context:exclude-filter type="annotation"       expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>    <context:exclude-filter type="annotation"       expression="org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice"/>      </context:component-scan>  </beans>

　在Web.xml中添加配置

<!-- configure the springIOC --> <listener>   <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class> </listener> <context-param>   <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>   <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value> </context-param>

　6.在SpringMVC中进行一些配置，防止SpringMVC和SpringIOC对同一个对象的管理重合

<!-- scan the package and the sub package -->  <context:component-scan base-package="test.SpringMVC.integrate">    <context:include-filter type="annotation"       expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>    <context:include-filter type="annotation"       expression="org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice"/>  </context:component-scan>

十八、SpringMVC详细运行流程图

十九、SpringMVC与struts2的区别

　1、springmvc基于方法开发的，struts2基于类开发的。springmvc将url和controller里的方法映射。映射成功后springmvc生成一个Handler对象，对象中只包括了一个method。方法执行结束，形参数据销毁。springmvc的controller开发类似web service开发。

　2、springmvc可以进行单例开发，并且建议使用单例开发，struts2通过类的成员变量接收参数，无法使用单例，只能使用多例。

　3、经过实际测试，struts2速度慢，在于使用struts标签，如果使用struts建议使用jstl。