用JAVA 设计生成二维码详细教程

教你一步一步用 java 设计生成二维码

在物联网的时代，二维码是个很重要的东西了，现在无论什么东西都要搞个二维码标志，唯恐落伍，就差人没有用二维码识别了。也许有一天生分证或者户口本都会用二维码识别了。今天心血来潮，看见别人都为自己的博客添加了二维码，我也想搞一个测试一下.

主要用来实现两点：

1. 生成任意文字的二维码.

2. 在二维码的中间加入图像.

一、准备工作。

准备QR二维码3.0 版本的core包和一张jpg图片。

下载QR二维码包。

首先得下载 zxing.jar 包, 我这里用的是3.0 版本的core包

下载地址: 现在已经迁移到了github: https://github.com/zxing/zxing/wiki/Getting-Started-Developing,

当然你也可以从maven仓库下载jar 包: http://central.maven.org/maven2/com/google/zxing/core/

二、程序设计

1、启动eclipse，新建一个java项目，命好项目名（本例取名为QRCodeSoft）。点下一步：

2、导入zxing.jar 包, 我这里用的是3.0 版本的core包：点“添加外部JAR(X)…”。

3、新建两个类，分别是：

BufferedImageLuminanceSource.java

QRCodeUtil.java

关键代码在于：BufferedImageLuminanceSource.java 和QRCodeUtil.java , 其中测试的main 方法位于 QRCodeUtil.java 中。

BufferedImageLuminanceSource.java程序代码：

package com.yihaomen.barcode;import java.awt.Graphics2D;import java.awt.geom.AffineTransform;import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;import com.google.zxing.LuminanceSource;public class BufferedImageLuminanceSource extends LuminanceSource {private final BufferedImage image;private final int left;private final int top;public BufferedImageLuminanceSource(BufferedImage image) {this(image, 0, 0, image.getWidth(), image.getHeight());}public BufferedImageLuminanceSource(BufferedImage image, int left,int top, int width, int height) {super(width, height);int sourceWidth = image.getWidth();int sourceHeight = image.getHeight();if (left + width > sourceWidth || top + height > sourceHeight) {throw new IllegalArgumentException("Crop rectangle does not fit within image data.");}for (int y = top; y < top + height; y++) {for (int x = left; x < left + width; x++) {if ((image.getRGB(x, y) & 0xFF000000) == 0) {image.setRGB(x, y, 0xFFFFFFFF); // = white}}}this.image = new BufferedImage(sourceWidth, sourceHeight,BufferedImage.TYPE_BYTE_GRAY);this.image.getGraphics().drawImage(image, 0, 0, null);this.left = left;this.top = top;}public byte[] getRow(int y, byte[] row) {if (y < 0 || y >= getHeight()) {throw new IllegalArgumentException("Requested row is outside the image: " + y);}int width = getWidth();if (row == null || row.length < width) {row = new byte[width];}image.getRaster().getDataElements(left, top + y, width, 1, row);return row;}public byte[] getMatrix() {int width = getWidth();int height = getHeight();int area = width * height;byte[] matrix = new byte[area];image.getRaster().getDataElements(left, top, width, height, matrix);return matrix;}public boolean isCropSupported() {return true;}public LuminanceSource crop(int left, int top, int width, int height) {return new BufferedImageLuminanceSource(image, this.left + left,this.top + top, width, height);}public boolean isRotateSupported() {return true;}public LuminanceSource rotateCounterClockwise() {int sourceWidth = image.getWidth();int sourceHeight = image.getHeight();AffineTransform transform = new AffineTransform(0.0, -1.0, 1.0,0.0, 0.0, sourceWidth);BufferedImage rotatedImage = new BufferedImage(sourceHeight,sourceWidth, BufferedImage.TYPE_BYTE_GRAY);Graphics2D g = rotatedImage.createGraphics();g.drawImage(image, transform, null);g.dispose();int width = getWidth();return new BufferedImageLuminanceSource(rotatedImage, top,sourceWidth - (left + width), getHeight(), width);}}

QRCodeUtil.java的程序代码：

package com.yihaomen.barcode;import java.awt.BasicStroke;import java.awt.Graphics;import java.awt.Graphics2D;import java.awt.Image;import java.awt.Shape;import java.awt.geom.RoundRectangle2D;import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;import java.io.File;import java.io.OutputStream;import java.util.Hashtable;import java.util.Random;import javax.imageio.ImageIO;import com.google.zxing.BarcodeFormat;import com.google.zxing.BinaryBitmap;import com.google.zxing.DecodeHintType;import com.google.zxing.EncodeHintType;import com.google.zxing.MultiFormatReader;import com.google.zxing.MultiFormatWriter;import com.google.zxing.Result;import com.google.zxing.common.BitMatrix;import com.google.zxing.common.HybridBinarizer;import com.google.zxing.qrcode.decoder.ErrorCorrectionLevel;/** * 二维码工具类 *  */public class QRCodeUtil {private static final String CHARSET = "utf-8";private static final String FORMAT_NAME = "JPG";// 二维码尺寸private static final int QRCODE_SIZE = 300;// LOGO宽度private static final int WIDTH = 60;// LOGO高度private static final int HEIGHT = 60;private static BufferedImage createImage(String content, String imgPath,boolean needCompress) throws Exception {Hashtable<EncodeHintType, Object> hints = new Hashtable<EncodeHintType, Object>();hints.put(EncodeHintType.ERROR_CORRECTION, ErrorCorrectionLevel.H);hints.put(EncodeHintType.CHARACTER_SET, CHARSET);hints.put(EncodeHintType.MARGIN, 1);BitMatrix bitMatrix = new MultiFormatWriter().encode(content,BarcodeFormat.QR_CODE, QRCODE_SIZE, QRCODE_SIZE, hints);int width = bitMatrix.getWidth();int height = bitMatrix.getHeight();BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(width, height,BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);for (int x = 0; x < width; x++) {for (int y = 0; y < height; y++) {image.setRGB(x, y, bitMatrix.get(x, y) ? 0xFF000000: 0xFFFFFFFF);}}if (imgPath == null || "".equals(imgPath)) {return image;}// 插入图片QRCodeUtil.insertImage(image, imgPath, needCompress);return image;}/** * 插入LOGO *  * @param source *   二维码图片 * @param imgPath *   LOGO图片地址 * @param needCompress *   是否压缩 * @throws Exception */private static void insertImage(BufferedImage source, String imgPath,boolean needCompress) throws Exception {File file = new File(imgPath);if (!file.exists()) {System.err.println(""+imgPath+" 该文件不存在！");return;}Image src = ImageIO.read(new File(imgPath));int width = src.getWidth(null);int height = src.getHeight(null);if (needCompress) { // 压缩LOGOif (width > WIDTH) {width = WIDTH;}if (height > HEIGHT) {height = HEIGHT;}Image image = src.getScaledInstance(width, height,Image.SCALE_SMOOTH);BufferedImage tag = new BufferedImage(width, height,BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);Graphics g = tag.getGraphics();g.drawImage(image, 0, 0, null); // 绘制缩小后的图g.dispose();src = image;}// 插入LOGOGraphics2D graph = source.createGraphics();int x = (QRCODE_SIZE - width) / 2;int y = (QRCODE_SIZE - height) / 2;graph.drawImage(src, x, y, width, height, null);Shape shape = new RoundRectangle2D.Float(x, y, width, width, 6, 6);graph.setStroke(new BasicStroke(3f));graph.draw(shape);graph.dispose();}/** * 生成二维码(内嵌LOGO) *  * @param content *   内容 * @param imgPath *   LOGO地址 * @param destPath *   存放目录 * @param needCompress *   是否压缩LOGO * @throws Exception */public static void encode(String content, String imgPath, String destPath,boolean needCompress) throws Exception {BufferedImage image = QRCodeUtil.createImage(content, imgPath,needCompress);mkdirs(destPath);String file = new Random().nextInt(99999999)+".jpg";ImageIO.write(image, FORMAT_NAME, new File(destPath+"/"+file));}/** * 当文件夹不存在时，mkdirs会自动创建多层目录，区别于mkdir．(mkdir如果父目录不存在则会抛出异常) * @author lanyuan * Email: [email protected] * @date 2013-12-11 上午10:16:36 * @param destPath 存放目录 */public static void mkdirs(String destPath) {File file =new File(destPath); //当文件夹不存在时，mkdirs会自动创建多层目录，区别于mkdir．(mkdir如果父目录不存在则会抛出异常)if (!file.exists() && !file.isDirectory()) {file.mkdirs();}}/** * 生成二维码(内嵌LOGO) *  * @param content *   内容 * @param imgPath *   LOGO地址 * @param destPath *   存储地址 * @throws Exception */public static void encode(String content, String imgPath, String destPath)throws Exception {QRCodeUtil.encode(content, imgPath, destPath, false);}/** * 生成二维码 *  * @param content *   内容 * @param destPath *   存储地址 * @param needCompress *   是否压缩LOGO * @throws Exception */public static void encode(String content, String destPath,boolean needCompress) throws Exception {QRCodeUtil.encode(content, null, destPath, needCompress);}/** * 生成二维码 *  * @param content *   内容 * @param destPath *   存储地址 * @throws Exception */public static void encode(String content, String destPath) throws Exception {QRCodeUtil.encode(content, null, destPath, false);}/** * 生成二维码(内嵌LOGO) *  * @param content *   内容 * @param imgPath *   LOGO地址 * @param output *   输出流 * @param needCompress *   是否压缩LOGO * @throws Exception */public static void encode(String content, String imgPath,OutputStream output, boolean needCompress) throws Exception {BufferedImage image = QRCodeUtil.createImage(content, imgPath,needCompress);ImageIO.write(image, FORMAT_NAME, output);}/** * 生成二维码 *  * @param content *   内容 * @param output *   输出流 * @throws Exception */public static void encode(String content, OutputStream output)throws Exception {QRCodeUtil.encode(content, null, output, false);}/** * 解析二维码 *  * @param file *   二维码图片 * @return * @throws Exception */public static String decode(File file) throws Exception {BufferedImage image;image = ImageIO.read(file);if (image == null) {return null;}BufferedImageLuminanceSource source = new BufferedImageLuminanceSource(image);BinaryBitmap bitmap = new BinaryBitmap(new HybridBinarizer(source));Result result;Hashtable<DecodeHintType, Object> hints = new Hashtable<DecodeHintType, Object>();hints.put(DecodeHintType.CHARACTER_SET, CHARSET);result = new MultiFormatReader().decode(bitmap, hints);String resultStr = result.getText();return resultStr;}/** * 解析二维码 *  * @param path *   二维码图片地址 * @return * @throws Exception */public static String decode(String path) throws Exception {return QRCodeUtil.decode(new File(path));}public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {String text = "http://www.yihaomen.com";QRCodeUtil.encode(text, "c:/me.jpg", "c:/barcode", true);}}

生成不带logo 的二维码

程序代码如下：

public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {  String text = "http://www.dans88.com.cn";  QRCodeUtil.encode(text,"","d:/MyWorkDoc",true);}

运行这个测试方法，生成的二维码不带 logo , 样式如下:

有兴趣可以用手机扫描一下

生成带logo 的二维码

logo 可以用自己的头像，或者自己喜欢的一个图片都可以 , 采用如下代码，程序代码如下：

public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {  String text = "http://www.dans88.com.cn";  QRCodeUtil.encode(text, "d:/MyWorkDoc/my180.jpg", "d:/MyWorkDoc", true); } 

唯一的区别是，在前面的基础上指定了logo 的地址，这里测试都用了c盘的图片文件

用手机扫描，能出现要出现的文字，点击就进入自己的网站。

以上就是用JAVA 设计生成二维码,有兴趣的朋友可以参考下，谢谢大家对本站的支持！