簡介:本文將幫助您使用Spring Boot 創建簡單的REST 服務。
你將學習
本教程使用的rest 服務
在本教程中,我們將使用適當的URI 和HTTP 方法創建三個服務:
@GetMapping(“/ students / {studentId} / courses”):您可以使用請求方法Get 和示例uri / students / Student1 / courses 來查詢特定學生已註冊的課程。
@GetMapping(“/students/{studentId}/courses/{courseId}”):您可以使用請求方法Get 和示例uri / students / Student1 / courses / Course1 獲取特定學生的特定課程。
@PostMapping(“/students/{studentId}/courses”) :您可以通過向UURI /students/Student1/courses 發送POST 請求來為學生註冊一門課程
您將需要的工具
完整的spring booot rest Maven 項目代碼示例子
我們的Github 存儲庫包含所有代碼示例- https://github.com/in28minutes/in28minutes.github.io/tree/master/code-zip-files
帶有單元和集成測試的REST 服務
Website-springbootrestservices-simplerestserviceswithunitandintegrationtests.zip
什麼是REST?
REST 代表REpresentational State Transfer。 REST 指定了一組體系結構約束。任何滿足以下這些條件的服務都稱為RESTful 服務。
RESTful Web Service 的五個重要條件:
理查森成熟度模型
Richardson 成熟度模型用於識別Restful Web Service 的成熟度級別。以下是不同級別和特點:
級別0:以REST 風格公開SOAP Web 服務。公開的操作使用REST 服務(http:// server / getPosts,http:// server / deletePosts,http:// server / doThis,http:// server / doThat 等)。
級別1:使用正確的URI(使用名詞)公開資源。例如:http:// server / accounts,http:// server / accounts / 10。但是,HTTP 方法並未使用。
級別2:資源使用正確的URI + HTTP 方法。例如,要更新一個賬戶,你需要做一個PUT。創建一個帳戶,你做一個POST。 Uri 看起來像posts/1/comments/5 和accounts/1/friends/1.
等級3:HATEOAS (Hypermedia as the engine of application state)。您不僅可以了解所請求的信息,還可以了解服務消費者可以採取的下一個可能的操作。當請求有關Facebook 用戶的信息時,REST 服務可以返回用戶詳細信息以及有關如何獲取他最近的帖子,如何獲取他最近的評論以及如何檢索他朋友的列表的信息。
使用適當的請求方法
始終使用HTTP 方法。有關每種HTTP 方法的最佳做法如下所述:
GET:不應該更新任何東西。應該是冪等的(多次調用相同的結果)。可能的返回碼200(OK)+ 404(NOT FOUND)+400(BAD REQUEST)
POST:應該創建新的資源。理想情況下返回JSON 和鏈接到新創建的資源。盡可能使用相同的返回碼。另外:返回碼201(創建)是可能的。
PUT:更新已知資源。例如:更新客戶詳細信息。可能的返回碼:200(OK)
DELETE:用於刪除資源。
項目結構
以下屏幕截圖顯示了我們將創建的項目的結構。
一些細節:
使用Spring Initializr 引導創建REST 服務
用Spring Initializr 創建一個REST 服務是非常的容易小菜一碟。我們將使用Spring Web MVC 作為我們的web 層框架。
Spring Initializr http://start.spring.io/ 是引導創建Spring Boot 項目的好工具。
如上圖所示,必須執行以下步驟
啟動Spring Initializr 並選擇以下內容
選擇com.in28minutes.springboot 為Group
選擇student-services 為Artifact
選擇以下依賴項
點擊生成項目。
將項目導入Eclipse。文件- > 導入- > 現有的Maven 項目。
如果你想了解這個項目的所有文件,你可以繼續向下閱讀。
應用業務層實現
所有應用都需要數據。我們將使用ArrayList 這種內存數據存儲,而不是與真實數據庫交互。
一名學生可以參加多門課程。課程有一個ID,名稱,說明和完成課程需要完成的步驟列表。學生有一個身份證,姓名,說明和他/ 她目前註冊的課程列表。 StudentService 提供以下公開方法
public List retrieveAllStudents() - 檢索所有學生的詳細信息
public Student retrieveStudent(String studentId) - 檢索特定的學生詳細信息
public List retrieveCourses(String studentId) - 檢索學生註冊的所有課程
public Course retrieveCourse(String studentId, String courseId) - 檢索學生註冊的特定課程的詳細信息
public Course addCourse(String studentId, Course course) - 為現有學生添加課程
請參閱下面這些文件,具體的實現服務類StudentService 和模型類Course 和Student。
添加幾個GET Rest 服務
Rest 服務StudentController 暴露了幾個get 服務。
package com.in28minutes.springboot.controller;import java.util.List;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;import com.in28minutes.springboot.model.Course;import com.in28minutes.springboot.service.StudentService;@RestControllerpublic class StudentController {@Autowiredprivate StudentService studentService;@GetMapping("/students/{studentId}/courses")public List<Course> retrieveCoursesForStudent(@PathVariable String studentId) {return studentService.retrieveCourses(studentId);}@GetMapping("/students/{studentId}/courses/{courseId}")public Course retrieveDetailsForCourse(@PathVariable String studentId,@PathVariable String courseId) {return studentService.retrieveCourse(studentId, courseId);}}使用Postman 執行獲取服務
我們將向http:// localhost:8080 / students / Student1 / courses / Course1 發起請求以測試該服務。回應如下所示。
{ "id": "Course1", "name": "Spring", "description": "10 Steps", "steps": [ "Learn Maven", "Import Project", "First Example", "Second Example" ]}下面的圖片顯示了我們如何執行Postman 的Get Service - 我最喜歡的運行rest 服務的工具。
添加POST Rest 服務
當資源創建成功時,POST 服務應該返回創建的狀態(201)。
@PostMapping("/students/{studentId}/courses")public ResponseEntity<Void> registerStudentForCourse(@PathVariable String studentId, @RequestBody Course newCourse) {Course course = studentService.addCourse(studentId, newCourse);if (course == null)return ResponseEntity.noContent().build();URI location = ServletUriComponentsBuilder.fromCurrentRequest().path("/{id}").buildAndExpand(course.getId()).toUri();return ResponseEntity.created(location).build();}執行POST Rest 服務
示例請求如下所示。它包含了學生註冊課程的所有細節。
{ "name": "Microservices", "description": "10 Steps", "steps": [ "Learn How to Break Things Up", "Automate the hell out of everything", "Have fun" ]}下圖顯示了我們如何從Postman 執行Post 服務- 我最喜歡的運行rest 服務的工具。確保你去Body 選項卡並選擇raw。從下拉菜單中選擇JSON。將上述請求復製到body 中。
我們使用的URL 是http:// localhost:8080 / students / Student1 / courses。
完整的代碼示例
pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"><modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion><groupId>com.in28minutes.springboot</groupId><artifactId>student-services</artifactId><version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version><packaging>jar</packaging><name>student-services</name><description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description><parent><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId><version>1.4.4.RELEASE</version><relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository --></parent><properties><project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding><project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding><java.version>1.8</java.version></properties><dependencies><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId><scope>runtime</scope></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId><scope>test</scope></dependency></dependencies><build><plugins><plugin><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId></plugin></plugins></build></project>
src/main/java/com/in28minutes/springboot/controller/StudentController.java
import java.net.URI;import java.util.List;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;import org.springframework.web.servlet.support.ServletUriComponentsBuilder;import com.in28minutes.springboot.model.Course;import com.in28minutes.springboot.service.StudentService;@RestControllerpublic class StudentController {@Autowiredprivate StudentService studentService;@GetMapping("/students/{studentId}/courses")public List<Course> retrieveCoursesForStudent(@PathVariable String studentId) {return studentService.retrieveCourses(studentId);}@GetMapping("/students/{studentId}/courses/{courseId}")public Course retrieveDetailsForCourse(@PathVariable String studentId,@PathVariable String courseId) {return studentService.retrieveCourse(studentId, courseId);}@PostMapping("/students/{studentId}/courses")public ResponseEntity<Void> registerStudentForCourse(@PathVariable String studentId, @RequestBody Course newCourse) {Course course = studentService.addCourse(studentId, newCourse);if (course == null)return ResponseEntity.noContent().build();URI location = ServletUriComponentsBuilder.fromCurrentRequest().path("/{id}").buildAndExpand(course.getId()).toUri();return ResponseEntity.created(location).build();}}src/main/java/com/in28minutes/springboot/model/Course.java
import java.util.List;public class Course {private String id;private String name;private String description;private List<String> steps;// Needed by Caused by: com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JsonMappingException:// Can not construct instance of com.in28minutes.springboot.model.Course:// no suitable constructor found, can not deserialize from Object value// (missing default constructor or creator, or perhaps need to add/enable// type information?)public Course() {}public Course(String id, String name, String description, List<String> steps) {super();this.id = id;this.name = name;this.description = description;this.steps = steps;}public String getId() {return id;}public void setId(String id) {this.id = id;}public String getDescription() {return description;}public String getName() {return name;}public List<String> getSteps() {return steps;}@Overridepublic String toString() {return String.format("Course [id=%s, name=%s, description=%s, steps=%s]", id, name,description, steps);}@Overridepublic int hashCode() {final int prime = 31;int result = 1;result = prime * result + ((id == null) ? 0 : id.hashCode());return result;}@Overridepublic boolean equals(Object obj) {if (this == obj)return true;if (obj == null)return false;if (getClass() != obj.getClass())return false;Course other = (Course) obj;if (id == null) {if (other.id != null)return false;} else if (!id.equals(other.id))return false;return true;}}src/main/java/com/in28minutes/springboot/model/Student.java
package com.in28minutes.springboot.model;import java.util.List;public class Student {private String id;private String name;private String description;private List<Course> courses;public Student(String id, String name, String description,List<Course> courses) {super();this.id = id;this.name = name;this.description = description;this.courses = courses;}public String getId() {return id;}public void setId(String id) {this.id = id;}public String getName() {return name;}public void setName(String name) {this.name = name;}public String getDescription() {return description;}public void setDescription(String description) {this.description = description;}public List<Course> getCourses() {return courses;}public void setCourses(List<Course> courses) {this.courses = courses;}@Overridepublic String toString() {return String.format("Student [id=%s, name=%s, description=%s, courses=%s]", id,name, description, courses);}}src/main/java/com/in28minutes/springboot/service/StudentService.java
package com.in28minutes.springboot.service;import java.math.BigInteger;import java.security.SecureRandom;import java.util.ArrayList;import java.util.Arrays;import java.util.List;import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;import com.in28minutes.springboot.model.Course;import com.in28minutes.springboot.model.Student;@Componentpublic class StudentService {private static List<Student> students = new ArrayList<>();static {//Initialize DataCourse course1 = new Course("Course1", "Spring", "10 Steps", Arrays.asList("Learn Maven", "Import Project", "First Example","Second Example"));Course course2 = new Course("Course2", "Spring MVC", "10 Examples",Arrays.asList("Learn Maven", "Import Project", "First Example","Second Example"));Course course3 = new Course("Course3", "Spring Boot", "6K Students",Arrays.asList("Learn Maven", "Learn Spring","Learn Spring MVC", "First Example", "Second Example"));Course course4 = new Course("Course4", "Maven","Most popular maven course on internet!", Arrays.asList("Pom.xml", "Build Life Cycle", "Parent POM","Importing into Eclipse"));Student ranga = new Student("Student1", "Ranga Karanam","Hiker, Programmer and Architect", new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(course1, course2, course3, course4)));Student satish = new Student("Student2", "Satish T","Hiker, Programmer and Architect", new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(course1, course2, course3, course4)));students.add(ranga);students.add(satish);}public List<Student> retrieveAllStudents() {return students;}public Student retrieveStudent(String studentId) {for (Student student : students) {if (student.getId().equals(studentId)) {return student;}}return null;}public List<Course> retrieveCourses(String studentId) {Student student = retrieveStudent(studentId);if (student == null) {return null;}return student.getCourses();}public Course retrieveCourse(String studentId, String courseId) {Student student = retrieveStudent(studentId);if (student == null) {return null;}for (Course course : student.getCourses()) {if (course.getId().equals(courseId)) {return course;}}return null;}private SecureRandom random = new SecureRandom();public Course addCourse(String studentId, Course course) {Student student = retrieveStudent(studentId);if (student == null) {return null;}String randomId = new BigInteger(130, random).toString(32);course.setId(randomId);student.getCourses().add(course);return course;}}src/main/java/com/in28minutes/springboot/StudentServicesApplication.java
package com.in28minutes.springboot;import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;@SpringBootApplicationpublic class StudentServicesApplication {public static void main(String[] args) {SpringApplication.run(StudentServicesApplication.class, args);}}以上就是本文的全部內容,希望對大家的學習有所幫助,也希望大家多多支持武林網。