淺談Spring解決jar包依賴的bom

名詞解釋：

BOM（bill of materials）：材料清單，用於解決jar包依賴的好方法。

Spring IO Platform

緣起：Spring起初只專注ioc和aop，現在已發展成一個龐大體系。比如security、mvc等。如此一來，不同模塊或者與外部進行集成時，依賴處理就需要各自對應版本號。比如，較新spring與較老的quartz，它們集成就會遇到問題，給搭建和升級帶來不便。因此Spring IO Platform應運而生，只要項目中引入了它，外部集成時依賴關係無需版本號。官網的原文如下：“when you do declare a dependency on something that's part of the Platform, you will now be able to omit the version number.”
舉例如下：

 <code style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dependencies</span>></span> <span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dependency</span>></span> <span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">groupId</span>></span>org.springframework<span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">groupId</span>></span> <span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dependency</span>></span> <span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dependencies</span>></span></code><ul style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li></ul>

Spring IO Platform只是一個pom文件，記錄了spring與其他開源項目對應的版本。省去了版本號，也就省去了處理依賴時的問題，因為Spring IO Platform中有最優的版本配置。

Spring相關的BOM

當然SpringSource為了解決這些Jar衝突，推出了各種BOM，當然最著名的就是spring platform io bom，其中最核心的三個是：spring-framework-bom、spring-boot-dependencies、platform-bom。

對於Spring工程來說，直接在pom.xml文件中添加如下配置代碼，即可免去管理版本衝突的難題。

 <code style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dependencyManagement</span>></span> <span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dependencies</span>></span> <span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dependency</span>></span> <span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">groupId</span>></span>org.springframework<span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">groupId</span>></span> <span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">artifactId</span>></span>spring-framework-bom<span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">artifactId</span>></span> <span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">version</span>></span>4.2.0.RELEASE<span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">version</span>></span> <span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">type</span>></span>pom<span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">type</span>></span> <span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">scope</span>></span>import<span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">scope</span>></span> <span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dependency</span>></span> <span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dependency</span>></span> <span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">groupId</span>></span>org.springframework.boot<span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">groupId</span>></span> <span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">artifactId</span>></span>spring-boot-dependencies<span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">artifactId</span>></span> <span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">version</span>></span>1.3.0.M2<span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">version</span>></span> <span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">type</span>></span>pom<span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">type</span>></span> <span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">scope</span>></span>import<span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">scope</span>></span> <span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dependency</span>></span> <span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dependency</span>></span> <span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">groupId</span>></span>io.spring.platform<span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">groupId</span>></span> <span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">artifactId</span>></span>platform-bom<span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">artifactId</span>></span> <span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">version</span>></span>1.1.3.RELEASE<span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">version</span>></span> <span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">type</span>></span>pom<span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">type</span>></span> <span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">scope</span>></span>import<span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">scope</span>></span> <span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dependency</span>></span> <span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dependencies</span>></span> <span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">dependencyManagement</span>></span></code><ul style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">21</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">22</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">23</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">24</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">25</li></ul>

參考文章

Introduction to spring io platform

總結

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