java微信公眾號開發案例

微信公眾號開發一般是針對企業和組織的，個人一般只能申請訂閱號，並且調用的接口有限，下面我們就來簡單的描述下接入公眾號的步驟：

1、首先你需要一個郵箱在微信公眾號平台進行註冊；
註冊的方式有訂閱號、公眾號、小程序和企業號，個人我們這裡只能選擇訂閱號

2、註冊完後，我們登錄到公眾號平台--->開發--->基本配置,這裡需要填寫URL和token，URL就是我們使用服務器的接口；

3、Java Web服務器程序編譯好且在服務器上部署可以運行的話，可在微信公眾號進行在線接口調試：

1）、選擇合適的接口
2）、系統會生成該接口的參數表，您可以直接在文本框內填入對應的參數值（紅色星號表示該字段必填）
3）、點擊檢查問題按鈕，即可得到相應的調試信息

eg:獲取access_token的步驟：

1）、接口類型：基礎支持
2）、接口列表：獲取access_token接口/token
3）、填寫相應的參數：grant_type、appid、secret
4）、點擊檢查問題
5）、驗證成功會返回結果和提示，結果為：200 ok,提示：Request successful即表示驗證成功

我們這裡驗證比較多的是消息接口調試：文本消息、圖片消息、語音消息、視頻消息、etc

4、接口有不理解的地方，可進入開發-->開發者工具-->開發者文檔進行查詢

5、接口權限：訂閱號主要有基礎支持、接收消息及網頁服務裡面的一些接口

下面我們主要講訂閱號怎麼樣接收消息的案例：

1、需要申請一個個人微信訂閱號
2、url服務器和服務器端代碼部署（可以用騰訊雲or阿里雲服務器）

1）、AccountsServlet.java類，驗證來自微信服務器和微信服務器的消息處理

package cn.jon.wechat.servlet; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.PrintWriter; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import cn.jon.wechat.service.AccountsService; import cn.jon.wechat.utils.SignUtil; public class AccountsServlet extends HttpServlet { public AccountsServlet() { super(); } public void destroy() { super.destroy(); // Put your code here } /** * 確認請求來自於微信服務器*/ public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { System.out.println("接口測試開始！！！"); //微信加密簽名String signature = request.getParameter("signature"); //時間戳String timestamp = request.getParameter("timestamp"); //隨機數String nonce = request.getParameter("nonce"); //隨機字符串String echostr = request.getParameter("echostr"); PrintWriter out = response.getWriter(); //通過校驗signature對請求進行校驗，若校驗成功則原樣返回echostr，表示接入成功，否則接入失敗if(SignUtil.checkSignature(signature,timestamp,nonce)){ out.print(echostr); } out.close(); out = null; // response.encodeRedirectURL("success.jsp"); } /** * 處理微信服務器發來的消息*/ public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { //消息的接受、處理、響應request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8"); response.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8"); //調用核心業務類型接受消息、處理消息String respMessage = AccountsService.processRequest(request); //響應消息PrintWriter out = response.getWriter(); out.print(respMessage); out.close(); } public void init() throws ServletException { // Put your code here } }

2）、SignUtil.java類，請求校驗工具類，token需要和微信中填寫的token一致

package cn.jon.wechat.utils; import java.security.MessageDigest; import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException; import java.util.Arrays; import java.util.Iterator; import java.util.Map; import java.util.Set; import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap; /** * 請求校驗工具類* @author jon */ public class SignUtil { //與微信配置中的的Token一致private static String token = ""; public static boolean checkSignature(String signature, String timestamp, String nonce) { String[] arra = new String[]{token,timestamp,nonce}; //將signature,timestamp,nonce組成數組進行字典排序Arrays.sort(arra); StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); for(int i=0;i<arra.length;i++){ sb.append(arra[i]); } MessageDigest md = null; String stnStr = null; try { md = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA-1"); byte[] digest = md.digest(sb.toString().getBytes()); stnStr = byteToStr(digest); } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } //釋放內存sb = null; //將sha1加密後的字符串與signature對比，標識該請求來源於微信return stnStr!=null?stnStr.equals(signature.toUpperCase()):false; } /** * 將字節數組轉換成十六進製字符串* @param digestArra * @return */ private static String byteToStr(byte[] digestArra) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub String digestStr = ""; for(int i=0;i<digestArra.length;i++){ digestStr += byteToHexStr(digestArra[i]); } return digestStr; } /** * 將字節轉換成為十六進製字符串*/ private static String byteToHexStr(byte dByte) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub char[] Digit = {'0','1','2','3','4','5','6','7','8','9','A','B','C','D','E','F'}; char[] tmpArr = new char[2]; tmpArr[0] = Digit[(dByte>>>4)&0X0F]; tmpArr[1] = Digit[dByte&0X0F]; String s = new String(tmpArr); return s; } public static void main(String[] args) { /*byte dByte = 'A'; System.out.println(byteToHexStr(dByte));*/ Map<String,String> map = new ConcurrentHashMap<String, String>(); map.put("4", "zhangsan"); map.put("100", "lisi"); Set set = map.keySet(); Iterator iter = set.iterator(); while(iter.hasNext()){ // String keyV = (String) iter.next(); String key =(String)iter.next(); System.out.println(map.get(key)); // System.out.println(map.get(iter.next())); } /*for(int i=0;i<map.size();i++){ }*/ } }

3）、AccountsService.java服務類，主要是消息的請求和響應處理，並且當用戶關注你的公眾號的時候，可以設置默認推送消息

package cn.jon.wechat.service; import java.util.Date; import java.util.Map; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import cn.jon.wechat.message.req.ImageMessage; import cn.jon.wechat.message.req.LinkMessage; import cn.jon.wechat.message.req.LocationMessage; import cn.jon.wechat.message.req.VideoMessage; import cn.jon.wechat.message.req.VoiceMessage; import cn.jon.wechat.message.resp.TextMessage; import cn.jon.wechat.utils.MessageUtil; /** * 解耦，使控制層與業務邏輯層分離開來，主要處理請求，響應* @author jon */ public class AccountsService { public static String processRequest(HttpServletRequest request) { String respMessage = null; //默認返回的文本消息內容String respContent = "請求處理異常，請稍後嘗試！"; try { //xml請求解析Map<String,String> requestMap = MessageUtil.pareXml(request); //發送方賬號（open_id） String fromUserName = requestMap.get("FromUserName"); //公眾賬號String toUserName = requestMap.get("ToUserName"); //消息類型String msgType = requestMap.get("MsgType"); //默認回复此文本消息TextMessage defaultTextMessage = new TextMessage(); defaultTextMessage.setToUserName(fromUserName); defaultTextMessage.setFromUserName(toUserName); defaultTextMessage.setCreateTime(new Date().getTime()); defaultTextMessage.setMsgType(MessageUtil.MESSSAGE_TYPE_TEXT); defaultTextMessage.setFuncFlag(0); // 由於href屬性值必須用雙引號引起，這與字符串本身的雙引號衝突，所以要轉義defaultTextMessage.setContent("歡迎訪問<a href=/"http://blog.csdn.net/j086924/">jon的博客</a>!"); // defaultTextMessage.setContent(getMainMenu()); // 將文本消息對象轉換成xml字符串respMessage = MessageUtil.textMessageToXml(defaultTextMessage); //文本消息if(msgType.equals(MessageUtil.MESSSAGE_TYPE_TEXT)){ //respContent = "Hi,您發送的是文本消息！ "; //回复文本消息TextMessage textMessage = new TextMessage(); // textMessage.setToUserName(toUserName); // textMessage.setFromUserName(fromUserName); //這裡需要注意，否則無法回复消息給用戶了textMessage.setToUserName(fromUserName); textMessage.setFromUserName(toUserName); textMessage.setCreateTime(new Date().getTime()); textMessage.setMsgType(MessageUtil.MESSSAGE_TYPE_TEXT); textMessage.setFuncFlag(0); respContent = "Hi，你發的消息是："+requestMap.get("Content"); textMessage.setContent(respContent); respMessage = MessageUtil.textMessageToXml(textMessage); } //圖片消息else if(msgType.equals(MessageUtil.MESSSAGE_TYPE_IMAGE)){ ImageMessage imageMessage=new ImageMessage(); imageMessage.setToUserName(fromUserName); imageMessage.setFromUserName(toUserName); imageMessage.setCreateTime(new Date().getTime()); imageMessage.setMsgType(MessageUtil.MESSSAGE_TYPE_IMAGE); //respContent=requestMap.get("PicUrl"); imageMessage.setPicUrl("http://img24.pplive.cn//2013//07//24//12103112092_230X306.jpg"); respMessage = MessageUtil.imageMessageToXml(imageMessage); } //地理位置else if(msgType.equals(MessageUtil.MESSSAGE_TYPE_LOCATION)){ LocationMessage locationMessage=new LocationMessage(); locationMessage.setToUserName(fromUserName); locationMessage.setFromUserName(toUserName); locationMessage.setCreateTime(new Date().getTime()); locationMessage.setMsgType(MessageUtil.MESSSAGE_TYPE_LOCATION); locationMessage.setLocation_X(requestMap.get("Location_X")); locationMessage.setLocation_Y(requestMap.get("Location_Y")); locationMessage.setScale(requestMap.get("Scale")); locationMessage.setLabel(requestMap.get("Label")); respMessage = MessageUtil.locationMessageToXml(locationMessage); } //視頻消息else if(msgType.equals(MessageUtil.MESSSAGE_TYPE_VIDEO)){ VideoMessage videoMessage=new VideoMessage(); videoMessage.setToUserName(fromUserName); videoMessage.setFromUserName(toUserName); videoMessage.setCreateTime(new Date().getTime()); videoMessage.setMsgType(MessageUtil.MESSSAGE_TYPE_VIDEO); videoMessage.setMediaId(requestMap.get("MediaId")); videoMessage.setThumbMediaId(requestMap.get("ThumbMediaId")); respMessage = MessageUtil.videoMessageToXml(videoMessage); } //鏈接消息else if(msgType.equals(MessageUtil.MESSSAGE_TYPE_LINK)){ LinkMessage linkMessage=new LinkMessage(); linkMessage.setToUserName(fromUserName); linkMessage.setFromUserName(toUserName); linkMessage.setCreateTime(new Date().getTime()); linkMessage.setMsgType(MessageUtil.MESSSAGE_TYPE_LINK); linkMessage.setTitle(requestMap.get("Title")); linkMessage.setDescription(requestMap.get("Description")); linkMessage.setUrl(requestMap.get("Url")); respMessage = MessageUtil.linkMessageToXml(linkMessage); } //語音消息else if(msgType.equals(MessageUtil.MESSSAGE_TYPE_VOICE)){ VoiceMessage voiceMessage=new VoiceMessage(); voiceMessage.setToUserName(fromUserName); voiceMessage.setFromUserName(toUserName); voiceMessage.setCreateTime(new Date().getTime()); voiceMessage.setMsgType(MessageUtil.MESSSAGE_TYPE_VOICE); voiceMessage.setMediaId(requestMap.get("MediaId")); voiceMessage.setFormat(requestMap.get("Format")); respMessage = MessageUtil.voiceMessageToXml(voiceMessage); } //事件推送else if(msgType.equals(MessageUtil.MESSSAGE_TYPE_EVENT)){ //事件類型String eventType = requestMap.get("Event"); //訂閱if(eventType.equals(MessageUtil.EVENT_TYPE_SUBSCRIBE)){ respContent = "謝謝關注！ "; } //取消訂閱else if(eventType.equals(MessageUtil.EVENT_TYPE_UNSUBSCRIBE)){ // System.out.println("取消訂閱"); } else if(eventType.equals(MessageUtil.EVENT_TYPE_CLICK)){ //自定義菜單消息處理System.out.println("自定義菜單消息處理"); } } } catch (Exception e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } return respMessage; } public static String getMainMenu() { StringBuffer buffer =new StringBuffer(); buffer.append("您好，我是jon,請回複數字選擇服務:").append("/n"); buffer.append("1、我的博客").append("/n"); buffer.append("2、 歌曲點播").append("/n"); buffer.append("3、 經典遊戲").append("/n"); buffer.append("4 、聊天打牌").append("/n/n"); buffer.append("回复"+"0"+"顯示幫助菜單"); return buffer.toString(); } }

4）、MessageUtil.java幫助類，包括常量的定義和xml消息轉換和處理

package cn.jon.wechat.utils; import java.io.InputStream; import java.io.Writer; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.List; import java.util.Map; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import org.dom4j.Document; import org.dom4j.Element; import org.dom4j.io.SAXReader; import cn.jon.wechat.message.req.ImageMessage; import cn.jon.wechat.message.req.LinkMessage; import cn.jon.wechat.message.req.LocationMessage; import cn.jon.wechat.message.req.VideoMessage; import cn.jon.wechat.message.req.VoiceMessage; import cn.jon.wechat.message.resp.Article; import cn.jon.wechat.message.resp.MusicMessage; import cn.jon.wechat.message.resp.NewsMessage; import cn.jon.wechat.message.resp.TextMessage; import com.thoughtworks.xstream.XStream; import com.thoughtworks.xstream.core.util.QuickWriter; import com.thoughtworks.xstream.io.HierarchicalStreamWriter; import com.thoughtworks.xstream.io.xml.PrettyPrintWriter; import com.thoughtworks.xstream.io.xml.XppDriver; /** * 各種消息的處理類* @author jon */ public class MessageUtil { /** * 文本類型*/ public static final String MESSSAGE_TYPE_TEXT = "text"; /** * 音樂類型*/ public static final String MESSSAGE_TYPE_MUSIC = "music"; /** * 圖文類型*/ public static final String MESSSAGE_TYPE_NEWS = "news"; /** * 視頻類型*/ public static final String MESSSAGE_TYPE_VIDEO = "video"; /** * 圖片類型*/ public static final String MESSSAGE_TYPE_IMAGE = "image"; /** * 鏈接類型*/ public static final String MESSSAGE_TYPE_LINK = "link"; /** * 地理位置類型*/ public static final String MESSSAGE_TYPE_LOCATION = "location"; /** * 音頻類型*/ public static final String MESSSAGE_TYPE_VOICE = "voice"; /** * 推送類型*/ public static final String MESSSAGE_TYPE_EVENT = "event"; /** * 事件類型：subscribe（訂閱） */ public static final String EVENT_TYPE_SUBSCRIBE = "subscribe"; /** * 事件類型：unsubscribe（取消訂閱） */ public static final String EVENT_TYPE_UNSUBSCRIBE = "unsubscribe"; /** * 事件類型：click（自定義菜單點擊事件） */ public static final String EVENT_TYPE_CLICK= "CLICK"; /** * 解析微信發來的請求XML */ @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") public static Map<String,String> pareXml(HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception { //將解析的結果存儲在HashMap中Map<String,String> reqMap = new HashMap<String, String>(); //從request中取得輸入流InputStream inputStream = request.getInputStream(); //讀取輸入流SAXReader reader = new SAXReader(); Document document = reader.read(inputStream); //得到xml根元素Element root = document.getRootElement(); //得到根元素的所有子節點List<Element> elementList = root.elements(); //遍歷所有的子節點取得信息類容for(Element elem:elementList){ reqMap.put(elem.getName(),elem.getText()); } //釋放資源inputStream.close(); inputStream = null; return reqMap; } /** * 響應消息轉換成xml返回* 文本對象轉換成xml */ public static String textMessageToXml(TextMessage textMessage) { xstream.alias("xml", textMessage.getClass()); return xstream.toXML(textMessage); } /** * 語音對象的轉換成xml * */ public static String voiceMessageToXml(VoiceMessage voiceMessage) { xstream.alias("xml", voiceMessage.getClass()); return xstream.toXML(voiceMessage); } /** * 視頻對象的轉換成xml * */ public static String videoMessageToXml(VideoMessage videoMessage) { xstream.alias("xml", videoMessage.getClass()); return xstream.toXML(videoMessage); } /** * 音樂對象的轉換成xml * */ public static String musicMessageToXml(MusicMessage musicMessage) { xstream.alias("xml", musicMessage.getClass()); return xstream.toXML(musicMessage); } /** * 圖文對象轉換成xml * */ public static String newsMessageToXml(NewsMessage newsMessage) { xstream.alias("xml", newsMessage.getClass()); xstream.alias("item", new Article().getClass()); return xstream.toXML(newsMessage); } /** * 圖片對象轉換成xml * */ public static String imageMessageToXml(ImageMessage imageMessage) { xstream.alias("xml",imageMessage.getClass()); return xstream.toXML(imageMessage); } /** * 鏈接對象轉換成xml * */ public static String linkMessageToXml(LinkMessage linkMessage) { xstream.alias("xml",linkMessage.getClass()); return xstream.toXML(linkMessage); } /** * 地理位置對象轉換成xml * */ public static String locationMessageToXml(LocationMessage locationMessage) { xstream.alias("xml",locationMessage.getClass()); return xstream.toXML(locationMessage); } /** * 拓展xstream，使得支持CDATA塊* */ private static XStream xstream = new XStream(new XppDriver(){ public HierarchicalStreamWriter createWriter(Writer out){ return new PrettyPrintWriter(out){ //對所有的xml節點的轉換都增加CDATA標記boolean cdata = true; @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") public void startNode(String name,Class clazz){ super.startNode(name,clazz); } protected void writeText(QuickWriter writer,String text){ if(cdata){ writer.write("<![CDATA["); writer.write(text); writer.write("]]>"); }else{ writer.write(text); } } }; } }); }

5）、BaseMessage.java消息基類(包括：開發者微信號、用戶賬戶、創建時間、消息類型、消息ID變量)，文本、視頻、圖片消息都會繼承此基類，在此基礎上擴展自己的變量，可根據開發者文檔中的各種消息屬性進行定義

package cn.jon.wechat.message.req; /** * 消息基類（普通用戶-公眾號） * @author jon */ public class BaseMessage { //開發者微信號private String ToUserName; //發送方賬號（一個openId） private String FromUserName; //消息創建時間（整型） private long CreateTime; //消息類型（text/image/location/link...） private String MsgType; //消息id 64位整型private String MsgId; public BaseMessage() { super(); // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub } public BaseMessage(String toUserName, String fromUserName, long createTime, String msgType, String msgId) { super(); ToUserName = toUserName; FromUserName = fromUserName; CreateTime = createTime; MsgType = msgType; MsgId = msgId; } public String getToUserName() { return ToUserName; } public void setToUserName(String toUserName) { ToUserName = toUserName; } public String getFromUserName() { return FromUserName; } public void setFromUserName(String fromUserName) { FromUserName = fromUserName; } public long getCreateTime() { return CreateTime; } public void setCreateTime(long createTime) { CreateTime = createTime; } public String getMsgType() { return MsgType; } public void setMsgType(String msgType) { MsgType = msgType; } public String getMsgId() { return MsgId; } public void setMsgId(String msgId) { MsgId = msgId; } }

6）、TextMessage.java文本消息，繼承自5中基類，擴展內容屬性

package cn.jon.wechat.message.req; /** * 文本消息* @author jon */ public class TextMessage extends BaseMessage{ //消息內容private String content; public String getContent() { return content; } public void setContent(String content) { this.content = content; } }

7）、ImageMessage.java圖片消息

package cn.jon.wechat.message.req; /** * 圖片消息* @author jon */ public class ImageMessage extends BaseMessage{ //圖片鏈接private String PicUrl; public String getPicUrl() { return PicUrl; } public void setPicUrl(String picUrl) { PicUrl = picUrl; } }

8）、VideoMessage.java視頻消息

package cn.jon.wechat.message.req; public class VideoMessage extends BaseMessage { private String mediaId; private String thumbMediaId; public String getMediaId() { return mediaId; } public void setMediaId(String mediaId) { this.mediaId = mediaId; } public String getThumbMediaId() { return thumbMediaId; } public void setThumbMediaId(String thumbMediaId) { this.thumbMediaId = thumbMediaId; } }

其他消息類可根據開發者文檔自行進行完成，另外，開發者也可以申請公眾平台測試賬號，對開發的相關內容進行測試。

本文已被整理到了《Android微信開發教程匯總》，《java微信開發教程匯總》歡迎大家學習閱讀。

以上就是本文的全部內容，希望對大家的學習有所幫助，也希望大家多多支持武林網。