java 獲取HttpRequest Header的幾種方法(必看篇)

在開發應用程序的過程中，如果有多個應用，通常會通過一個portal 門戶來集成，這個portal 是所有應用程序的入口，用戶一旦在portal 登錄之後，進入另外一個系統，就需要類似的單點登錄(SSO). 進入各個子系統的時候，就不需要再次登錄, 當然類似的功能，你可以通過專業的單點登錄軟件來實現，也可以自己寫數據庫token 等方式來實現。其實還有一個比較簡單的方法，就是通過portal 封裝已經登錄過的用戶的消息，寫到http header 之中，然後把請求forward 到各個子系統中去，而各子系統從http header 中獲取用戶名，作為是否登錄過的校驗或者合法的校驗。

總結了幾種處理http Header 的方法：

利用HttpServletRequest

 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; //... private HttpServletRequest request; //get request headers private Map<String, String> getHeadersInfo() { Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<String, String>(); Enumeration headerNames = request.getHeaderNames(); while (headerNames.hasMoreElements()) { String key = (String) headerNames.nextElement(); String value = request.getHeader(key); map.put(key, value); } return map; }

一個典型的例子如下：

 "headers" : { "Host" : "yihaomen.com", "Accept-Encoding" : "gzip,deflate", "X-Forwarded-For" : "66.249.xx", "X-Forwarded-Proto" : "http", "User-Agent" : "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; Googlebot/2.1; +http://www.google.com/bot.html)", "X-Request-Start" : "1389158003923", "Accept" : "*/*", "Connection" : "close", "X-Forwarded-Port" : "80", "From" : "googlebot(at)googlebot.com"}

獲取user-agent

 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; //... private HttpServletRequest request; private String getUserAgent() { return request.getHeader("user-agent"); }

一個典型的例子如下：

 Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; Googlebot/2.1; +http://www.google.com/bot.html)

利用spring mvc 獲取HttpRequest Header 的例子

import java.util.Enumeration;import java.util.HashMap;import java.util.Map;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;@Controller@RequestMapping("/site")public class SiteController { @Autowired private HttpServletRequest request; @RequestMapping(value = "/{input:.+}", method = RequestMethod.GET) public ModelAndView getDomain(@PathVariable("input") String input) { ModelAndView modelandView = new ModelAndView("result"); modelandView.addObject("user-agent", getUserAgent()); modelandView.addObject("headers", getHeadersInfo()); return modelandView; } //get user agent private String getUserAgent() { return request.getHeader("user-agent"); } //get request headers private Map<String, String> getHeadersInfo() { Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<String, String>(); Enumeration headerNames = request.getHeaderNames(); while (headerNames.hasMoreElements()) { String key = (String) headerNames.nextElement(); String value = request.getHeader(key); map.put(key, value); } return map; }}

也許有人會說，Http Header 是可以模擬的，那麼自己可以構造一個用來欺騙這些系統， 是的，的確是這樣，所以在用Http Header 來傳值得時候，一定要記得，所有的請求都必須經過portal 來處理，然後forward 到各子系統，就不會出現這個問題了。因為portal 首先攔截用戶發起的所有的請求，如果是構造的用戶，在portal 的sessiion 也是沒有記錄的，仍然會跳轉到登錄頁面，如果在protal 的session 中記錄，而且Http Header 中也有記錄，那麼在子系統就是合法的用戶，然後自己可以根據一些要求處理業務邏輯了

JSP/Java獲取HTTP header信息(request)例子

<%//header.jspout.println("Protocol: " + request.getProtocol() + "<br>");out.println("Scheme: " + request.getScheme() + "<br>");out.println("Server Name: " + request.getServerName() + "<br>" );out.println("Server Port: " + request.getServerPort() + "<br>");out.println("Protocol: " + request.getProtocol() + "<br>");out.println("Server Info: " + getServletConfig().getServletContext().getServerInfo() + "<br>");out.println("Remote Addr: " + request.getRemoteAddr() + "<br>");out.println("Remote Host: " + request.getRemoteHost() + "<br>");out.println("Character Encoding: " + request.getCharacterEncoding() + "<br>");out.println("Content Length: " + request.getContentLength() + "<br>");out.println("Content Type: "+ request.getContentType() + "<br>");out.println("Auth Type: " + request.getAuthType() + "<br>");out.println("HTTP Method: " + request.getMethod() + "<br>");out.println("Path Info: " + request.getPathInfo() + "<br>");out.println("Path Trans: " + request.getPathTranslated() + "<br>");out.println("Query String: " + request.getQueryString() + "<br>");out.println("Remote User: " + request.getRemoteUser() + "<br>");out.println("Session Id: " + request.getRequestedSessionId() + "<br>");out.println("Request URL: " + request.getRequestURL() + "<br>");out.println("Request URI: " + request.getRequestURI() + "<br>");out.println("Servlet Path: " + request.getServletPath() + "<br>");out.println("Created : " + session.getCreationTime() + "<br>");out.println("LastAccessed : " + session.getLastAccessedTime() + "<br>");out.println("Accept: " + request.getHeader("Accept") + "<br>");out.println("Host: " + request.getHeader("Host") + "<br>");out.println("Referer : " + request.getHeader("Referer") + "<br>");out.println("Accept-Language : " + request.getHeader("Accept-Language") + "<br>");out.println("Accept-Encoding : " + request.getHeader("Accept-Encoding") + "<br>");out.println("User-Agent : " + request.getHeader("User-Agent") + "<br>");out.println("Connection : " + request.getHeader("Connection") + "<br>");out.println("Cookie : " + request.getHeader("Cookie") + "<br>");%>

關於request.getHeader("Referer")的說明

request.getHeader("Referer")獲取來訪者地址。只有通過鏈接訪問當前頁的時候，才能獲取上一頁的地址；否則request.getHeader("Referer")的值為Null，通過window.open打開當前頁或者直接輸入地址，也為Null。

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