1. 類Executors
Executors類可以看做一個“工具類”。援引JDK1.6 API中的介紹：
此包中所定義的Executor、ExecutorService、ScheduledExecutorService、ThreadFactory 和Callable 類的工廠和實用方法。此類支持以下各種方法：
（1）創建並返回設置有常用配置字符串的ExecutorService 的方法。
（2）創建並返回設置有常用配置字符串的ScheduledExecutorService 的方法。
（3）創建並返回“包裝的”ExecutorService 方法，它通過使特定於實現的方法不可訪問來禁用重新配置。
（4）創建並返回ThreadFactory 的方法，它可將新創建的線程設置為已知的狀態。
（5）創建並返回非閉包形式的Callable 的方法，這樣可將其用於需要Callable 的執行方法中。
通過這個類能夠獲得多種線程池的實例，例如可以調用newSingleThreadExecutor()獲得單線程的ExecutorService，調用newFixedThreadPool()獲得固定大小線程池的ExecutorService，等等。拿到ExecutorService可以做的事情就比較多了，最簡單的是用它來執行Runnable對象，也可以執行一些實現了Callable<T>的對象。用Thread的start()方法沒有返回值，如果該線程執行的方法有返回值那用ExecutorService就再好不過了，可以選擇submit()、invokeAll()或者invokeAny()，根據具體情況選擇合適的方法即可。
此類中提供的一些方法有：
1.1 public static ExecutorService newCachedThreadPool()
創建一個可根據需要創建新線程的線程池，但是在以前構造的線程可用時將重用它們。對於執行很多短期異步任務的程序而言，這些線程池通常可提高程序性能。
1.2 public static ExecutorService newFixedThreadPool(int nThreads)
創建一個可重用固定線程數的線程池，以共享的無界隊列方式來運行這些線程。
1.3 public static ExecutorService newSingleThreadExecutor()
創建一個使用單個worker 線程的Executor，以無界隊列方式來運行該線程。
這三個方法都可以配合接口ThreadFactory的實例一起使用。並且返回一個ExecutorService接口的實例。
2. 接口ThreadFactory
根據需要創建新線程的對象。使用線程工廠就無需再手工編寫對new Thread 的調用了，從而允許應用程序使用特殊的線程子類、屬性等等。
此接口最簡單的實現就是：
class SimpleThreadFactory implements ThreadFactory { public Thread newThread(Runnable r) { return new Thread(r); } } 3. 接口ExecutorService
該接口提供了管理終止的方法。
4.創建標準線程池啟動線程
4.1 提供一個簡單的實現Runnable接口的線程
MyThread.java
package com.zj.concurrency.executors; public class MyThread implements Runnable { private int count = 1, number; public MyThread(int num) { number = num; System.out.println("Create Thread-" + number); } public void run() { while (true) { System.out.println("Thread-" + number + " run " + count+" time(s)"); if (++count == 3) return; } }}這個線程會打印出相應的創建和執行信息。
4.2使用CachedThreadPool啟動線程
CachedThreadPool.java
package com.zj.concurrency.executors;import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;import java.util.concurrent.Executors; public class CachedThreadPool { public static void main(String[] args) { ExecutorService exec = Executors.newCachedThreadPool(); for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) exec.execute(new MyThread(i)); exec.shutdown(); }}結果：
Create Thread-0Create Thread-1Create Thread-2Create Thread-3Thread-0 run 1 time(s)Thread-0 run 2 time(s)Thread-1 run 1 time(s)Thread-1 run 2 time(s)Thread-2 run 1 time(s)Thread-2 run 2 time(s)Create Thread-4Thread-4 run 1 time(s)Thread-4 run 2 time(s)Thread-3 run 1 time(s)Thread-3 run 2 time(s)
4.3 使用FixedThreadPool啟動線程
FixedThreadPool.javapackage com.zj.concurrency.executors;import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;import java.util.concurrent.Executors; public class FixedThreadPool { public static void main(String[] args) { ExecutorService exec = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(2); for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) exec.execute(new MyThread(i)); exec.shutdown(); }}結果：
Create Thread-0Create Thread-1Create Thread-2Create Thread-3Create Thread-4Thread-0 run 1 time(s)Thread-0 run 2 time(s)Thread-2 run 1 time(s)Thread-2 run 2 time(s)Thread-3 run 1 time(s)Thread-3 run 2 time(s)Thread-4 run 1 time(s)Thread-4 run 2 time(s)Thread-1 run 1 time(s)Thread-1 run 2 time(s)
4.4 使用SingleThreadExecutor啟動線程
SingleThreadExecutor.java
package com.zj.concurrency.executors;import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;import java.util.concurrent.Executors; public class SingleThreadExecutor { public static void main(String[] args) { ExecutorService exec = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor(); for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) exec.execute(new MyThread(i)); exec.shutdown(); }}結果：
Create Thread-0Create Thread-1Create Thread-2Create Thread-3Create Thread-4Thread-0 run 1 time(s)Thread-0 run 2 time(s)Thread-1 run 1 time(s)Thread-1 run 2 time(s)Thread-2 run 1 time(s)Thread-2 run 2 time(s)Thread-3 run 1 time(s)Thread-3 run 2 time(s)Thread-4 run 1 time(s)Thread-4 run 2 time(s)
5.配合ThreadFactory接口的使用
我們試圖給線程加入daemon和priority的屬性設置。
5.1設置後台線程屬性
DaemonThreadFactory.java
package com.zj.concurrency.executors.factory;import java.util.concurrent.ThreadFactory; public class DaemonThreadFactory implements ThreadFactory { public Thread newThread(Runnable r) { Thread t = new Thread(r); t.setDaemon(true); return t; }}
5.2 設置優先級屬性
最高優先級MaxPriorityThreadFactory.java
package com.zj.concurrency.executors.factory;import java.util.concurrent.ThreadFactory; public class MaxPriorityThreadFactory implements ThreadFactory { public Thread newThread(Runnable r) { Thread t = new Thread(r); t.setPriority(Thread.MAX_PRIORITY); return t; }}最低優先級MinPriorityThreadFactory.java
package com.zj.concurrency.executors.factory;import java.util.concurrent.ThreadFactory; public class MinPriorityThreadFactory implements ThreadFactory { public Thread newThread(Runnable r) { Thread t = new Thread(r); t.setPriority(Thread.MIN_PRIORITY); return t; }}
5.3啟動帶有屬性設置的線程
ExecFromFactory.java
package com.zj.concurrency.executors;import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;import java.util.concurrent.Executors;import com.zj.concurrency.executors.factory.DaemonThreadFactory;import com.zj.concurrency.executors.factory.MaxPriorityThreadFactory;import com.zj.concurrency.executors.factory.MinPriorityThreadFactory; public class ExecFromFactory { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { ExecutorService defaultExec = Executors.newCachedThreadPool(); ExecutorService daemonExec = Executors .newCachedThreadPool(new DaemonThreadFactory()); ExecutorService maxPriorityExec = Executors .newCachedThreadPool(new MaxPriorityThreadFactory()); ExecutorService minPriorityExec = Executors .newCachedThreadPool(new MinPriorityThreadFactory()); for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) daemonExec.execute(new MyThread(i)); for (int i = 10; i < 20; i++) if (i == 10) maxPriorityExec.execute(new MyThread(i)); else if (i == 11) minPriorityExec.execute(new MyThread(i)); else defaultExec.execute(new MyThread(i)); }}結果：
Create Thread-0Create Thread-1Create Thread-2Create Thread-3Thread-0 run 1 time(s)Thread-0 run 2 time(s)Thread-1 run 1 time(s)Thread-1 run 2 time(s)Thread-2 run 1 time(s)Thread-2 run 2 time(s)Create Thread-4Thread-4 run 1 time(s)Thread-4 run 2 time(s)Create Thread-5Thread-5 run 1 time(s)Thread-5 run 2 time(s)Create Thread-6Create Thread-7Thread-7 run 1 time(s)Thread-7 run 2 time(s)Create Thread-8Thread-8 run 1 time(s)Thread-8 run 2 time(s)Create Thread-9Create Thread-10Thread-10 run 1 time(s)Thread-10 run 2 time(s)Create Thread-11Thread-9 run 1 time(s)Thread-9 run 2 time(s)Thread-6 run 1 time(s)Thread-6 run 2 time(s)Thread-3 run 1 time(s)Thread-3 run 2 time(s)Create Thread-12Create Thread-13Create Thread-14Thread-12 run 1 time(s)Thread-12 run 2 time(s)Thread-13 run 1 time(s)Thread-13 run 2 time(s)Create Thread-15Thread-15 run 1 time(s)Thread-15 run 2 time(s)Create Thread-16Thread-16 run 1 time(s)Thread-16 run 2 time(s)Create Thread-17Create Thread-18Create Thread-19Thread-14 run 1 time(s)Thread-14 run 2 time(s)Thread-17 run 1 time(s)Thread-17 run 2 time(s)Thread-18 run 1 time(s)Thread-18 run 2 time(s)Thread-19 run 1 time(s)Thread-19 run 2 time(s)Thread-11 run 1 time(s)Thread-11 run 2 time(s)