詳解Spring配置事務的五種方式

Spring配置文件中關於事務配置總是由三個組成部分，分別是DataSource 、TransactionManager和代理機制這三部分，無論哪種配置方式，一般變化的只是代理機制這部分。

DataSource、TransactionManager這兩部分只是會根據數據訪問方式有所變化，比如使用Hibernate進行數據訪問時，DataSource實際為SessionFactory，TransactionManager的實現為HibernateTransactionManager。

具體如下圖：

根據代理機制的不同，總結了五種Spring事務的配置方式，配置文件如下：

第一種方式：每個Bean都有一個代理

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd"> <bean id="sessionFactory" > <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" /> <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" /> </bean> <!-- 定義事務管理器（聲明式的事務） --> <bean id="transactionManager" > <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" /> </bean> <!-- 配置DAO --> <bean id="userDaoTarget"> <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" /> </bean> <bean id="userDao" > <!-- 配置事務管理器--> <property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" /> <property name="target" ref="userDaoTarget" /> <property name="proxyInterfaces" value="com.bluesky.spring.dao.GeneratorDao" /> <!-- 配置事務屬性--> <property name="transactionAttributes"> <props> <prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop> </props> </property> </bean> </beans>

第二種方式：所有Bean共享一個代理基類

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd"> <bean id="sessionFactory" > <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" /> <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" /> </bean> <!-- 定義事務管理器（聲明式的事務） --> <bean id="transactionManager" > <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" /> </bean> <bean id="transactionBase" lazy-init="true" abstract="true"> <!-- 配置事務管理器--> <property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" /> <!-- 配置事務屬性--> <property name="transactionAttributes"> <props> <prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop> </props> </property> </bean> <!-- 配置DAO --> <bean id="userDaoTarget"> <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" /> </bean> <bean id="userDao" parent="transactionBase" > <property name="target" ref="userDaoTarget" /> </bean> </beans>

第三種方式：使用攔截器

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd"> <bean id="sessionFactory" > <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" /> <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" /> </bean> <!-- 定義事務管理器（聲明式的事務） --> <bean id="transactionManager" > <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" /> </bean> <bean id="transactionInterceptor" > <property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" /> <!-- 配置事務屬性--> <property name="transactionAttributes"> <props> <prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop> </props> </property> </bean> <bean> <property name="beanNames"> <list> <value>*Dao</value> </list> </property> <property name="interceptorNames"> <list> <value>transactionInterceptor</value> </list> </property> </bean> <!-- 配置DAO --> <bean id="userDao"> <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" /> </bean> </beans>

第四種方式：使用tx標籤配置的攔截器

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd"> <context:annotation-config /> <context:component-scan base-package="com.bluesky" /> <bean id="sessionFactory" > <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" /> <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" /> </bean> <!-- 定義事務管理器（聲明式的事務） --> <bean id="transactionManager" > <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" /> </bean> <tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager"> <tx:attributes> <tx:method name="*" propagation="REQUIRED" /> </tx:attributes> </tx:advice> <aop:config> <aop:pointcut id="interceptorPointCuts" expression="execution(* com.bluesky.spring.dao.*.*(..))" /> <aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="interceptorPointCuts" /> </aop:config> </beans>

第五種方式：全註解

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd"> <context:annotation-config /> <context:component-scan base-package="com.bluesky" /> <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"/> <bean id="sessionFactory" > <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" /> <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" /> </bean> <!-- 定義事務管理器（聲明式的事務） --> <bean id="transactionManager" > <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" /> </bean> </beans>

此時在DAO上需加上@Transactional註解，如下：

 package com.mktao.spring.dao; import java.util.List; import org.hibernate.SessionFactory; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.HibernateDaoSupport; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; import com.bluesky.spring.domain.User; @Transactional@Component("userDao") public class UserDaoImpl extends HibernateDaoSupport implements UserDao { public List<User> listUsers() { return this.getSession().createQuery("from User").list(); } ... }

以上就是本文的全部內容，希望對大家的學習有所幫助，也希望大家多多支持武林網。