今天我們要學習的是使用Geolocation實現定位功能。我們可以通過navigator.geolocation獲取Geolocation對象，他提供了下列方法：
getCurrentPosition(callback,errorCallback,options)：獲取當前位置；
watchPosition(callback,error,options)：開始監控當前位置；
clearWatch(id)：停止監控當前位置。
note：下面例子使用的瀏覽器是chrome，使用其他瀏覽器我不能保證運行結果和例子顯示的結果一致。
1.獲取當前位置我們將使用getCurrentPosition方法獲取當前位置，位置信息不會以結果的形式直接返回，我們需要使用callback函數進行處理。在獲取坐標的過程中會有些延遲，還會問你要訪問權限。我們來看下面的例子：
<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html>
<head>
<title>Example</title>
<style>
table{border-collapse: collapse;}
th, td{padding: 4px;}
th{text-align: right;}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<table>
<tr>
<th>Longitude:</th>
<td id="longitude">-</td>
<th>Latitude:</th>
<td id="latitude">-</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Altitude:</th>
<td id="altitude">-</td>
<th>Accuracy:</th>
<td id="accuracy">-</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Altitude Accuracy:</th>
<td id="altitudeAccuracy">-</td>
<th>Heading:</th>
<td id="heading">-</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Speed:</th>
<td id="speed">-</td>
<th>Time Stamp:</th>
<td id="timestamp">-</td>
</tr>
</table>
<script>
navigator.geolocation.getCurrentPosition(displayPosition);
function displayPosition(pos) {
var properties = ['longitude', 'latitude', 'altitude', 'accuracy', 'altitudeAccuracy', 'heading', 'speed'];
for (var i = 0, len = properties.length; i < len; i++) {
var value = pos.coords[properties[i]];
document.getElementById(properties[i]).innerHTML = value;
}
document.getElementById('timestamp').innerHTML = pos.timestamp;
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
返回的position對象包含兩個屬性，coords：返回坐標信息；timestamp：獲取坐標信息的時間。其中coords又包括下面屬性：latitude：緯度；longitude：經度；altitude：高度；accuracy：精確度（米）；altitudeAccuracy：高度精確度（米）；heading：行進方向；speed：行進速度（米/秒）。
並不是所有的信息都會返回，這取決於你承載瀏覽器的設備。像有GPS、加速器、羅盤的移動設備會返回大部分信息，家用電腦就不行了。家用電腦獲取的位置信息，取決於所處的網絡環境或者是wifi。下面我們看上例的運行結果。
點擊允許，獲取坐標信息。
2.處理異常現在我們介紹getCurrentPosition的異常處理，他是通過使用errorCallback回調函數實現的。函數返回的參數error包含兩個屬性，code：錯誤類型的代碼；message：錯誤信息。 code包含三個值：1：用戶沒有授權使用geolocation；2：無法獲取坐標信息；3：獲取信息超時。
下面我們看個例子：
<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html>
<head>
<title>Example</title>
<style>
table{border-collapse: collapse;}
th, td{padding: 4px;}
th{text-align: right;}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<table>
<tr>
<th>Longitude:</th>
<td id="longitude">-</td>
<th>Latitude:</th>
<td id="latitude">-</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Altitude:</th>
<td id="altitude">-</td>
<th>Accuracy:</th>
<td id="accuracy">-</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Altitude Accuracy:</th>
<td id="altitudeAccuracy">-</td>
<th>Heading:</th>
<td id="heading">-</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Speed:</th>
<td id="speed">-</td>
<th>Time Stamp:</th>
<td id="timestamp">-</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Error Code:</th>
<td id="errcode">-</td>
<th>Error Message:</th>
<td id="errmessage">-</td>
</tr>
</table>
<script>
navigator.geolocation.getCurrentPosition(displayPosition, handleError);
function displayPosition(pos) {
var properties = ["longitude", "latitude", "altitude", "accuracy", "altitudeAccuracy", "heading", "speed"];
for (var i = 0; i < properties.length; i++) {
var value = pos.coords[properties[i]];
document.getElementById(properties[i]).innerHTML = value;
}
document.getElementById("timestamp").innerHTML = pos.timestamp;
}
function handleError(err) {
document.getElementById("errcode").innerHTML = err.code;
document.getElementById("errmessage").innerHTML = err.message;
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
拒絕授權，運行結果：
3.使用geolocation可選參數項getCurrentPosition(callback,errorCallback,options)中的options有如下參數可以使用，enableHighAccuracy：使用最好的效果；timeout：超時時間（毫秒）；maximumAge：指定緩存時間（毫秒）。我們來下下面的例子：
<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html>
<head>
<title>Example</title>
<style>
table{border-collapse: collapse;}
th, td{padding: 4px;}
th{text-align: right;}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<table>
<tr>
<th>Longitude:</th>
<td id="longitude">-</td>
<th>Latitude:</th>
<td id="latitude">-</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Altitude:</th>
<td id="altitude">-</td>
<th>Accuracy:</th>
<td id="accuracy">-</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Altitude Accuracy:</th>
<td id="altitudeAccuracy">-</td>
<th>Heading:</th>
<td id="heading">-</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Speed:</th>
<td id="speed">-</td>
<th>Time Stamp:</th>
<td id="timestamp">-</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Error Code:</th>
<td id="errcode">-</td>
<th>Error Message:</th>
<td id="errmessage">-</td>
</tr>
</table>
<script>
var options = {
enableHighAccuracy: false,
timeout: 2000,
maximumAge: 30000
};
navigator.geolocation.getCurrentPosition(displayPosition, handleError, options);
function displayPosition(pos) {
var properties = ["longitude", "latitude", "altitude", "accuracy", "altitudeAccuracy", "heading", "speed"];
for (var i = 0; i < properties.length; i++) {
var value = pos.coords[properties[i]];
document.getElementById(properties[i]).innerHTML = value;
}
document.getElementById("timestamp").innerHTML = pos.timestamp;
}
function handleError(err) {
document.getElementById("errcode").innerHTML = err.code;
document.getElementById("errmessage").innerHTML = err.message;
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
4.監視位置變化下面我們介紹使用watchPosition方法實現位置變化的監視，他的使用方法和getCurrentPosition一樣。我們來看例子：
<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html>
<head>
<title>Example</title>
<style>
table{border-collapse: collapse;}
th, td{padding: 4px;}
th{text-align: right;}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<table>
<tr>
<th>Longitude:</th>
<td id="longitude">-</td>
<th>Latitude:</th>
<td id="latitude">-</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Altitude:</th>
<td id="altitude">-</td>
<th>Accuracy:</th>
<td id="accuracy">-</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Altitude Accuracy:</th>
<td id="altitudeAccuracy">-</td>
<th>Heading:</th>
<td id="heading">-</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Speed:</th>
<td id="speed">-</td>
<th>Time Stamp:</th>
<td id="timestamp">-</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Error Code:</th>
<td id="errcode">-</td>
<th>Error Message:</th>
<td id="errmessage">-</td>
</tr>
</table>
<button id="pressme">Cancel Watch</button>
<script>
var options = {
enableHighAccuracy: false,
timeout: 2000,
maximumAge: 30000
};
var watchID = navigator.geolocation.watchPosition(displayPosition, handleError, options);
document.getElementById("pressme").onclick = function (e) {
navigator.geolocation.clearWatch(watchID);
};
function displayPosition(pos) {
var properties = ["longitude", "latitude", "altitude", "accuracy", "altitudeAccuracy", "heading", "speed"];
for (var i = 0; i < properties.length; i++) {
var value = pos.coords[properties[i]];
document.getElementById(properties[i]).innerHTML = value;
}
document.getElementById("timestamp").innerHTML = pos.timestamp;
}
function handleError(err) {
document.getElementById("errcode").innerHTML = err.code;
document.getElementById("errmessage").innerHTML = err.message;
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
當點擊Cancel Watch按鈕時，停止監視。
demo下載地址：Html5Guide.Geolocation.zip