最近項目需要做一個文件上傳功能，做完了分享下，順帶當做筆記。
上傳功能用後台用java實現，前端主要是js的ajax實現。後台還加入定時刪除臨時文件。
效果如圖
首先是上傳功能的主要類，下面是代碼
package util.upload;import java.io.File;import java.io.IOException;import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;import java.util.Date;import java.util.Iterator;import java.util.List;import java.util.UUID;import javax.servlet.ServletException;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;import org.apache.commons.fileupload.FileItem;import org.apache.commons.fileupload.disk.DiskFileItemFactory;import org.apache.commons.fileupload.servlet.ServletFileUpload;public class UploadServlet extends HttpServlet { private static final long serialVersionUID = -3100028422371321159L; private boolean isAllowed; private String upFileName; //定義合法後綴名的數組private String[] allowedExtName=new String[] {"zip","rar",//壓縮文件"txt","doc","wps","docx","java",//文本"xls","xlsx",//表格"ppt","pptx",//幻燈片"pdf",//pdf "jpg","jpeg","bmp","gif","png"//圖片}; protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { doPost(request, response); } protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { //設置編碼格式為utf-8 request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8"); response.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8"); //獲取session，保存進度和上傳結果，上傳開始為nok,當為Ok表示上傳完成HttpSession session=request.getSession(); session.setAttribute("result", "nok"); session.setAttribute("error", ""); String error=""; upFileName=""; isAllowed=false; //給上傳的文件設一個最大值，這裡是不得超過100MB int maxSize=100*1024*1024; //創建工廠對象和文件上傳對象DiskFileItemFactory factory=new DiskFileItemFactory(); ServletFileUpload upload=new ServletFileUpload(factory); //創建上傳監聽器和設置監聽器UploadListener listener=new UploadListener(); session.setAttribute("LISTENER", listener); upload.setProgressListener(listener); //上傳路徑String path = request.getSession().getServletContext().getRealPath("/upload"); String requestPath = request.getSession().getServletContext().getContextPath()+"/upload"; File dirFile =new File(path); //System.out.println(request.getSession().getServletContext().getContextPath()); //如果文件夾不存在則創建if (!dirFile .exists() && !dirFile .isDirectory()) { dirFile .mkdir(); } //根據日期創建文件夾,保存到對應日期的文件夾下Date date=new Date(); SimpleDateFormat sdf=new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMdd"); String subDirName=sdf.format(date); File subDirFile=new File(path+"/"+subDirName); if (!subDirFile .exists() && !subDirFile .isDirectory()) { subDirFile .mkdir(); } try { //解析上傳請求List<FileItem> items=upload.parseRequest(request); Iterator<FileItem> itr=items.iterator(); while(itr.hasNext()){ FileItem item=(FileItem)itr.next(); //判斷是否為文件域if(!item.isFormField()){ if(item.getName()!=null&&!item.getName().equals("")){ //獲取上傳文件大小和文件名稱long upFileSize=item.getSize(); String fileName=item.getName(); //獲取文件後綴名String[] splitName=fileName.split("//."); String extName=splitName[splitName.length-1]; //檢查文件後綴名for(String allowed:allowedExtName) { if(allowed.equalsIgnoreCase(extName)) { isAllowed=true; } } if(!isAllowed){ error="上傳文件格式不合法！ "; break; } if(upFileSize>maxSize){ error="您上傳的文件太大了，請選擇不超過100MB的文件!"; break; } //此時文件暫存在服務器的內存中，構造臨時對象File tempFile=new File(makeFileName(fileName)); //指定文件上傳服務器的目錄及文件名稱File file=new File(path+"/"+subDirName+"/",tempFile.getName()); item.write(file);//第一種寫文件方法upFileName=requestPath+"/"+subDirName+"/"+tempFile.getName(); if(upFileName.equals("")){ error="沒選擇上傳文件！ "; } System.out.println(upFileName); /*//構造輸入流讀文件第二種寫文件方法InputStream is=item.getInputStream(); int length=0; byte[] by=new byte[1024]; FileOutputStream fos=new FileOutputStream(file); while((length=is.read(by))!=-1){ fos.write(by, 0, length); //Thread.sleep(10); } fos.close(); //Thread.sleep(1000);*/ }else{ error="沒選擇上傳文件！ "; } } } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); error="上傳文件出現錯誤:"+e.getMessage(); } if(!error.equals("")){ System.out.println(error); session.setAttribute("error", error); }else{ session.setAttribute("result", "OK"); session.setAttribute("filename",upFileName); } } /** * 為防止文件覆蓋的現象發生，要為上傳文件產生一個唯一的文件名* @param filename 原文件名* @return 生成的唯一文件名*/ private String makeFileName(String filename){ return UUID.randomUUID().toString() + "_" + filename; } }其中需要引入commons-fileupload-1.3.1.jar,commons-io-2.4.jar
上傳過程中，我們需要實時獲取上傳進度等信息，引入的庫里為我們添加了一個ProgressListener接口，我們再寫一個類實現這個接口，上麵類中添加該接口
//創建工廠對象和文件上傳對象DiskFileItemFactory factory=new DiskFileItemFactory(); ServletFileUpload upload=new ServletFileUpload(factory); //創建上傳監聽器和設置監聽器UploadListener listener=new UploadListener(); session.setAttribute("LISTENER", listener); upload.setProgressListener(listener);下面是這個監聽類的具體實現代碼
package util.upload;import org.apache.commons.fileupload.ProgressListener;public class UploadListener implements ProgressListener{ private volatile long bytesRead = 0L,//上傳的字節數contentLength = 0L,//總字節數item = 0L; public UploadListener() { super(); } @Override public void update(long aBytesRead, long aContentLength, int anItem) { bytesRead = aBytesRead; contentLength = aContentLength; item = anItem; } public long getBytesRead() { return bytesRead; } public long getContentLength() { return contentLength; } public long getItem() { return item; }}現在能獲取上傳進度等信息了，但還需要一個servlet返回給前端，下面實現
package util.upload;import java.io.IOException;import java.io.PrintWriter;import java.util.HashMap;import java.util.Map;import javax.servlet.ServletException;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;import org.apache.commons.fileupload.ProgressListener;import com.google.gson.Gson;/** 獲取上傳進度,上傳路徑,錯誤,上傳結果等信息*/public class GetProgressServlet extends HttpServlet{ private static final long serialVersionUID = -3596466520775012991L; protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { doPost(request, response); } protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8"); response.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8"); UploadListener listener= null; HttpSession session = request.getSession(); String error=(String) session.getAttribute("error"); String result= (String) session.getAttribute("result"); String fileName=(String) session.getAttribute("filename"); PrintWriter out = response.getWriter(); long bytesRead = 0,contentLength = 0; if (session != null) { listener = (UploadListener)session.getAttribute("LISTENER"); if (listener == null) { return; } else { bytesRead = listener.getBytesRead();//上傳的字節數contentLength = listener.getContentLength();//總字節數} //自己定義的返回格式String rp=bytesRead+"," +contentLength+"," +error+"," +result+"," +fileName; //System.out.println(rp); out.print(rp); /* //返回json格式數據Map<String,Object> map=new HashMap<String,Object>(); map.put("bytesRead", bytesRead); map.put("contentLength", contentLength); map.put("error", error); map.put("result", result); map.put("fileName", fileName); Gson gson=new Gson(); String json=gson.toJson(map); out.print(json);*/ out.flush(); out.close(); } }}後台上傳的功能代碼寫完了，下面實現上傳的前端，首先是html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <script type="text/javascript" src="js/upfile.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/upfile.css"> </head> <body > <a href="javascript:addOne()">添加</a> <div id="target"> <input type="file" id="file" name="file" onchange="addfile(event)" multiple/> </div> <span id="test">0</span> </body> </html>
界面比較簡單，就一個添加的a標籤，負責上傳的input隱藏起來
css文件主要渲染的上傳進度的顯示
#file { display: none; } .pro{ width:500px; } .pborder { position: relative; width: 500px; /* 寬度*/ border: 1px solid #B1D632; padding: 1px; } .drawpro { width: 0px; display: block; position: relative; background: #B1D632; color: #333333; height: 20px; /* 高度*/ line-height: 20px; /* 必須和高度一致，文本才能垂直居中*/ } .pspan { position: absolute; width: 500px; text-align: center; font-weight: bold; }接著是前端的重點，js文件
//顯示上傳信息的htmlvar upfile_html = '<div><div>' + '<span>0%</span></div></div><span name="path"></span><img src="common/upload/images/del.png" style="float:right" name="del" onclick=abortUpload(this)>';var targetDIV_id = "target";//顯示上傳文件的目標div的IDvar httpXML = null;//發送上傳請求的XMLHttpRequest對象var httpProgress = null;//發送請求進度信息的XMLHttpRequest對象var oldFileList = new Array();//修改時保存已有附件信息的列表var uplist = new Array();//保存上傳文件的列表var f_input;//上傳文件的input對象var flag = true;//是否可以上傳下一個文件標誌var uurl = "Upload";//上傳文件的請求urlvar gurl = "getProgress";//獲取上傳進度信息的urlvar cancelFlag = 0;//取消標誌var timer, waittimer;//定時器var nowID = 0;//正在上傳文件的idvar ID = 0;//隊列中最後一個文件的id/** * 文件對象*/function UploadFile(id, file) { this.id = id; this.file = file; this.state = 0; this.path = "";}/** * 初始化的方法*/window.onload = function init() { f_input = document.getElementById("file"); var tdiv = document.getElementById(targetDIV_id); var oldspan = tdiv.getElementsByTagName("SPAN"); for ( var i = 0; i < oldspan.length; i++) { oldFileList.push(oldspan[i].getAttribute("name")); }}/** * 選擇一個文件上傳*/function addOne() { f_input.value = null; f_input.click();}/** * 選中文件後將文件對象添加到隊列，開始上傳* */function addfile(evt) { var f = f_input.files[0]; if (f != undefined) { var uf = new UploadFile(ID, f); uplist.push(uf); var div = document.createElement("DIV"); div.setAttribute("id", "pro" + (ID)); div.setAttribute("class", "pro"); div.innerHTML = upfile_html; var targetDiv = document.getElementById(targetDIV_id); targetDiv.appendChild(div); div.getElementsByTagName("SPAN")[1].innerHTML = "文件名:" + uplist[ID].file.name; waittimer = setInterval("upload()", 1000); ID++; }}/** * 將隊列中的文件上傳*/function upload() { if (flag == true) { if (uplist.length > 0) { var uf; for ( var i = 0; i < uplist.length; i++) { if (uplist[i].state == 0) { uf = uplist[i]; uplist[i].state = 1; break; } } if (uf != undefined & uf != null) { flag = false; if (window.XMLHttpRequest) { httpUP = new XMLHttpRequest(); } else if (window.ActiveXObject) { httpUP = new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP"); } var formData = new FormData(); formData.append("file", uf.file); httpUP.open("POST", uurl, true); httpUP.upload.addEventListener('progress', uploadProgress, false); httpUP.send(formData); nowID = uf.id; timer = setInterval("getP()", 50); } } }}/** * 獲取上傳進度等信息*/function getP() { if (window.XMLHttpRequest) { httpProgress = new XMLHttpRequest(); } else if (window.ActiveXObject) { httpProgress = new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP"); } httpProgress.onreadystatechange = onProgress; httpProgress.open("post", gurl, true); httpProgress.setRequestHeader("Content-type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"); httpProgress.send("&timeStamp=" + (new Date()).getTime());}/** * 處理返回的上傳信息，顯示到界面*/function onProgress() { if (httpProgress.readyState == 4 && httpProgress.status == 200) { result = httpProgress.responseText; var result = result.replace(/(^/s*)|(/s*$)/g, ""); var res = result.split(","); var now = parseInt(res[0]); var all = parseInt(res[1]); var err = res[2]; var state = res[3]; var path = res[4]; var per = (now / all * 100).toFixed(2); var prodiv = document.getElementById("pro" + nowID); if (prodiv != null & prodiv != undefined) { if (err != "" & err != null & err.length > 0) { window.clearInterval(timer); if (cancelFlag == 1) { err = "上傳終止"; cancelFlag = 0; } prodiv.getElementsByTagName("DIV")[0].style.display = "none"; prodiv.getElementsByTagName("SPAN")[1].innerHTML = err; httpUP.abort(); flag = true; uplist[nowID].state = 3; return; } if (state == "OK") { prodiv.getElementsByTagName("DIV")[0].style.display = "none"; var tmpf = uplist[nowID].file; prodiv.getElementsByTagName("SPAN")[1].innerHTML = "文件名:" + tmpf.name; window.clearInterval(timer); flag = true; uplist[nowID].state = 2; uplist[nowID].path = path; return; } prodiv.getElementsByTagName("DIV")[1].style.width = per * 5 + "px"; prodiv.getElementsByTagName("SPAN")[0].innerHTML = per + "%"; } }}/** * 取消上傳的方法*/function abortUpload(obj) { var idStr = obj.parentNode.id; var id = idStr.slice(3); if (uplist[id].state == 1) { httpUP.abort(); flag = true; cancelFlag = 1; } else { uplist[id].state = 3; } document.getElementById(idStr).remove();}/** * 獲取上傳文件的路徑* @returns 格式化後字符串*/function getFileListStr() { var str = ""; if (oldFileList.length > 0) { for ( var i = 0; i < oldFileList.length; i++) { if (oldFileList[i] != null & oldFileList[i] != "" & oldFileList[i] != undefined) { str = str + oldFileList[i] + ","; } } } for ( var i = 0; i < uplist.length; i++) { var f = uplist[i]; if (f.state == 2) { str = str + f.path + ","; } } return str;}/** * 移除修改時已有的舊附件* */function removeOld(btn) { var num = btn.getAttribute("name"); oldFileList[num - 1] = null; btn.parentNode.remove();} function uploadProgress(e) { if (e.lengthComputable) { var iBytesUploaded = e.loaded; var iBytesTotal = e.total; document.getElementById("test").innerHTML=iBytesUploaded+"/"+iBytesTotal; } }使用ajax發送上傳文件，獲取上傳進度，結果等信息。
使用的html5的file API，所以必須ie9以上的才可以兼容，火狐還有個問題，ajax請求不立即返回，直到所有ajax請求都發送完了，才都返回同一個結果，這就導致上傳進度不顯示。不過上傳進度信息也可以使用html5的file api獲取，其中加了一點代碼，頁面下面test的div裡的數值就是在前端獲取到的進度。
上傳的都實現完了，接著是處理上傳後的臨時文件，因為使用的uuid命名文件，所以文件會生成很多，沒用的需要定時處理。使用ServletContextListener：
在Servlet API 中有一個ServletContextListener 接口，它能夠監聽ServletContext 對象的生命週期，實際上就是監聽Web 應用的生命週期。
當Servlet 容器啟動或終止Web 應用時，會觸發ServletContextEvent 事件，該事件由ServletContextListener 來處理。在ServletContextListener 接口中定義了處理ServletContextEvent 事件的兩個方法。
利用其特性，實現定時刪除臨時文件的功能，代碼如下：
package util.upload;import java.io.IOException;import java.io.InputStream;import java.util.Date;import java.util.Properties;import java.util.Timer;import java.util.TimerTask;import javax.servlet.ServletContext;import javax.servlet.ServletContextEvent;import javax.servlet.ServletContextListener;/** * 時間監聽器* * */ public class TempFileListener implements ServletContextListener { private Timer timer; private SystemTaskTest systemTask; private static String every_time_run; static { Properties prop = new Properties(); InputStream inStrem = TempFileManager.class.getClassLoader() .getResourceAsStream("tempfile.properties"); try { prop.load(inStrem); System.out.println(inStrem); every_time_run = prop.getProperty("every_time_run"); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { try { inStrem.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } // 監聽器初始方法public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent sce) { timer = new Timer(); systemTask = new SystemTaskTest(sce.getServletContext() .getRealPath("/"), sce.getServletContext()); try { System.out.println("定時器已啟動"); // 監聽器獲取網站的根目錄String path = sce.getServletContext().getRealPath("/"); Long time = Long.parseLong(every_time_run) * 1000;// 循環執行的時間System.out.println("time" + time); // 第一個參數是要運行的代碼，第二個參數是從什麼時候開始運行，第三個參數是每隔多久在運行一次。重複執行timer.schedule(systemTask, 10000, time); System.out.println("已經添加任務調度表"); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent sce) { try { timer.cancel(); } catch (Exception e) { } } } /** * 時間任務器* */ class SystemTaskTest extends TimerTask { private ServletContext context; private String path; public SystemTaskTest(String path, ServletContext context) { this.path = path; this.context = context; } /** * 把要定時執行的任務就在run中*/ public void run() { TempFileManager etf; try { System.out.println("開始執行任務!"); // 需要執行的代碼System.out.println(new Date().toLocaleString()); etf = new TempFileManager(path); etf.run(); System.out.println("指定任務執行完成!"); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }上面只是監聽器，負責定時調用刪除臨時文件的方法，具體實現是下面的類
package util.upload;import java.io.File;import java.io.IOException;import java.io.InputStream;import java.util.Date;import java.util.Properties;/** * 刪除服務器上的文件* */ public class TempFileManager implements Runnable { private String path;//路徑private static String RETENTION_TIME = "1440";// 文件保存的時間一天單位分static { Properties prop = new Properties(); InputStream inStrem = TempFileManager.class.getClassLoader() .getResourceAsStream("execl.properties"); try { prop.load(inStrem); RETENTION_TIME = prop.getProperty("file_retention_time"); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { try { inStrem.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } /** * 構造函數。初始化參數* @param path */ public TempFileManager(String path) { this.path = path; } /** * 把線程要執行的代碼放在run()中*/ public void run() { System.out.println("文件管理開始========="); path = path + "upload"; System.out.println("文件管理路徑===" + path); File file = new File(path); deletefiles(file); } /** * 批量刪除文件* * @param folder */ public void deletefiles(File folder) { if(folder.isDirectory()){ File[] files = folder.listFiles(); if(files.length<=0){ if(!folder.getAbsolutePath().equalsIgnoreCase(path)){ if(canDeleteFile(folder)){ if (folder.delete()) { System.out.println("文件夾" + folder.getName() + "刪除成功!"); } else { System.out.println("文件夾" + folder.getName() + "刪除失敗!此文件夾內的文件可能正在被使用"); } } } } for (int i = 0; i < files.length; i++) { if(files[i].isDirectory()) { deletefiles(files[i]); }else{ deleteFile(files[i]); } } } } /** * 刪除文件* * @param file */ private void deleteFile(File file) { try { if (file.isFile()) { // 刪除符合條件的文件if (canDeleteFile(file)) { if (file.delete()) { System.out.println("文件" + file.getName() + "刪除成功!"); } else { System.out.println("文件" + file.getName() + "刪除失敗!此文件可能正在被使用"); } } else { } } else { System.out.println("沒有可以刪除的文件了"); } } catch (Exception e) { System.out.println("刪除文件失敗========"); e.printStackTrace(); } } /** * 判斷文件是否能夠被刪除*/ private boolean canDeleteFile(File file) { Date fileDate = getfileDate(file); Date date = new Date(); long time = (date.getTime() - fileDate.getTime()) / 1000 / 60 - Integer.parseInt(RETENTION_TIME);// 當前時間與文件間隔的分鐘// System.out.println("time=="+time); if (time > 0) { return true; } else { return false; } } /** * 獲取文件最後的修改時間* * @param file * @return */ private Date getfileDate(File file) { long modifiedTime = file.lastModified(); Date d = new Date(modifiedTime); return d; } }判斷文件是否超時，超時就自動刪除，並且能自動刪除文件夾。
以上就是本文的全部內容，希望對大家學習java程序設計有所幫助。