Ubuntu中搭建Nodejs开发环境过程分享

作者：Eve Cole 更新时间：2025-08-20 16:00:04

系统环境：

Ubuntu 12.04 LTS 64bit

一、通过apt-get安装nodejs 失败（可以下面的看源码安装方法）：

复制代码代码如下:

~ sudo apt-get install nodejs

~ sudo apt-get install npm

~ node -v

v0.6.12

~ npm -v

1.1.4

创建工作目录

复制代码代码如下:

~ mkdir workspace

~ mkdir workspace/nodejs

~ cd workspace/nodejs

~ pwd

/home/conan/workspace/nodejs

安装失败

复制代码代码如下:

sudo npm install express -g

npm http GET https://registry.npmjs.org/express

npm http 304 https://registry.npmjs.org/express

npm http GET https://registry.npmjs.org/connect/2.7.11

npm http GET https://registry.npmjs.org/commander/0.6.1

npm http GET https://registry.npmjs.org/range-parser/0.0.4

npm http GET https://registry.npmjs.org/mkdirp/0.3.4

npm http GET https://registry.npmjs.org/cookie/0.1.0

npm http GET https://registry.npmjs.org/buffer-crc32/0.2.1

npm http GET https://registry.npmjs.org/fresh/0.1.0

npm http GET https://registry.npmjs.org/methods/0.0.1

npm http GET https://registry.npmjs.org/send/0.1.0

npm http GET https://registry.npmjs.org/cookie-signature/1.0.1

npm http GET https://registry.npmjs.org/debug

npm http 304 https://registry.npmjs.org/commander/0.6.1

npm http 304 https://registry.npmjs.org/connect/2.7.11

npm http 304 https://registry.npmjs.org/range-parser/0.0.4

npm http 304 https://registry.npmjs.org/mkdirp/0.3.4

npm http 304 https://registry.npmjs.org/cookie/0.1.0

npm http 304 https://registry.npmjs.org/buffer-crc32/0.2.1

npm http 304 https://registry.npmjs.org/fresh/0.1.0

npm http 304 https://registry.npmjs.org/methods/0.0.1

npm http 304 https://registry.npmjs.org/send/0.1.0

npm http 304 https://registry.npmjs.org/cookie-signature/1.0.1

npm http 304 https://registry.npmjs.org/debug

npm ERR! error installing [email protected]

npm ERR! error rolling back [email protected] Error: UNKNOWN, unknown error '/usr/local/lib/node_modules/express'

npm ERR! Unsupported

npm ERR! Not compatible with your version of node/npm: [email protected]

npm ERR! Required: {"node":">= 0.8.0"}

npm ERR! Actual: {"npm":"1.1.4","node":"0.6.12"}

npm ERR!

npm ERR! System Linux 3.5.0-23-generic

npm ERR! command "node" "/usr/bin/npm" "install" "express" "-g"

npm ERR! cwd /home/conan/workspace/nodejs

npm ERR! node -v v0.6.12

npm ERR! npm -v 1.1.4

npm ERR! code ENOTSUP

npm ERR! message Unsupported

npm ERR! errno {}

npm http GET https://registry.npmjs.org/mime/1.2.6

npm ERR!

npm ERR! Additional logging details can be found in:

npm ERR! /home/conan/workspace/nodejs/npm-debug.log

npm not ok

系统提示, node和npm版本不兼容。可能是终于apt-get源没有更新造成的问题。

二、从github下载源代码安装成功

下面要找到兼容的版本，手动安装。

先卸载刚刚装的node和npm

复制代码代码如下:

~ sudo apt-get autoremove npm

~ sudo apt-get autoremove nodejs

找到nodejs的官方发布下载：https://github.com/joyent/node

在ubuntu中，先安装git

复制代码代码如下:~ sudo apt-get install git

然后，从github下载nodejs源代码

复制代码代码如下:~ git clone git://github.com/joyent/node.git

Cloning into 'node'...

remote: Counting objects: 100200, done.

remote: Compressing objects: 100% (28074/28074), done.

remote: Total 100200 (delta 78807), reused 90936 (delta 70473)

Receiving objects: 100% (100200/100200), 61.81 MiB | 698 KiB/s, done.

Resolving deltas: 100% (78807/78807), done.

进入node目录

复制代码代码如下:~ cd node

~ pwd

/home/conan/workspace/nodejs/node

切换最新的release的版本v0.11.2-release

复制代码代码如下:~ git checkout v0.11.2-release

Branch v0.11.2-release set up to track remote branch v0.11.2-release from origin.

Switched to a new branch 'v0.11.2-release'

进行安装

复制代码代码如下:./configure

make

sudo make install

安装完成，查看node版本

复制代码代码如下:~ node -v

-bash: /usr/bin/node: No such file or directory

提示错误，没有找到node，查一下node安装位置

复制代码代码如下:~ whereis node

node: /usr/local/bin/node

增加软链接：node和npm到/usr/bin

复制代码代码如下:~ sudo ln -s /usr/local/bin/node /usr/bin/node

~ sudo ln -s /usr/local/bin/npm /usr/bin/npm

我们再查看node和npm版本

复制代码代码如下:~ node -v

v0.11.2

~ npm -v

1.2.21

下面安装express

复制代码代码如下:~ sudo npm install express -g

[email protected] /usr/local/lib/node_modules/express

├── [email protected]

├── [email protected] ([email protected])

└── [email protected] ([email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected])

安装成功。

三、建立express工程，启动第一个项目

复制代码代码如下:

~ express -e nodejs-demo

create : nodejs-demo

create : nodejs-demo/package.json

create : nodejs-demo/app.js

create : nodejs-demo/public

create : nodejs-demo/public/javascripts

create : nodejs-demo/public/images

create : nodejs-demo/public/stylesheets

create : nodejs-demo/public/stylesheets/style.css

create : nodejs-demo/routes

create : nodejs-demo/routes/index.js

create : nodejs-demo/routes/user.js

create : nodejs-demo/views

create : nodejs-demo/views/index.ejs

install dependencies:

$ cd nodejs-demo && npm install

run the app:

$ node app

安装依赖包

复制代码代码如下:~ cd nodejs-demo

~ sudo npm install

[email protected] node_modules/express

├── [email protected]

├── [email protected] ([email protected])

└── [email protected] ([email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected])

启动程序

复制代码代码如下:~ node app.js

Express server listening on port 3000

测试是否启动成功curl

复制代码代码如下:

~ sudo apt-get install curl

~ curl localhost:3000

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<head>

<title>Express</title>

</head>

<body>

<h1>Express</h1>

<p>Welcome to Express</p>

</body>

</html>

nodejs的服务器日志：

复制代码代码如下:GET / 200 6ms - 206b