spring针对Bean之间的循环依赖，有自己的处理方案。关键点就是三级缓存。当然这种方案不能解决所有的问题，他只能解决Bean单例模式下非构造函数的循环依赖。
我们就从A->B->C-A这个初始化顺序，也就是A的Bean中需要B的实例，B的Bean中需要C的实例，C的Bean中需要A的实例，当然这种需要不是构造函数那种依赖。前提条件有了，我们就可以开始了。毫无疑问，我们会先初始化A.初始化的方法是org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory#doGetBean
protected <T> T doGetBean( final String name, final Class<T> requiredType, final Object[] args, boolean typeCheckOnly) throws BeansException { final String beanName = transformedBeanName(name); Object bean; // Eagerly check singleton cache for manually registered singletons. Object sharedInstance = getSingleton(beanName); //关注点1 if (sharedInstance != null && args == null) { if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) { if (isSingletonCurrentlyInCreation(beanName)) { logger.debug("Returning eagerly cached instance of singleton bean '" + beanName + "' that is not fully initialized yet - a consequence of a circular reference"); } else { logger.debug("Returning cached instance of singleton bean '" + beanName + "'"); } } bean = getObjectForBeanInstance(sharedInstance, name, beanName, null); } else { // Fail if we're already creating this bean instance: // We're assumably within a circular reference. if (isPrototypeCurrentlyInCreation(beanName)) { throw new BeanCurrentlyInCreationException(beanName); } // Check if bean definition exists in this factory. BeanFactory parentBeanFactory = getParentBeanFactory(); if (parentBeanFactory != null && !containsBeanDefinition(beanName)) { // Not found -> check parent. String nameToLookup = originalBeanName(name); if (args != null) { // Delegation to parent with explicit args. return (T) parentBeanFactory.getBean(nameToLookup, args); } else { // No args -> delegate to standard getBean method. return parentBeanFactory.getBean(nameToLookup, requiredType); } } if (!typeCheckOnly) { markBeanAsCreated(beanName); } try { final RootBeanDefinition mbd = getMergedLocalBeanDefinition(beanName); checkMergedBeanDefinition(mbd, beanName, args); // Guarantee initialization of beans that the current bean depends on. String[] dependsOn = mbd.getDependsOn(); if (dependsOn != null) { for (String dependsOnBean : dependsOn) { if (isDependent(beanName, dependsOnBean)) { throw new BeanCreationException(mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName, "Circular depends-on relationship between '" + beanName + "' and '" + dependsOnBean + "'"); } registerDependentBean(dependsOnBean, beanName); getBean(dependsOnBean); } } // Create bean instance. if (mbd.isSingleton()) { //关注点2 sharedInstance = getSingleton(beanName, new ObjectFactory<Object>() { @Override public Object getObject() throws BeansException { try { return createBean(beanName, mbd, args); } catch (BeansException ex) { // Explicitly remove instance from singleton cache: It might have been put there // eagerly by the creation process, to allow for circular reference resolution. // Also remove any beans that received a temporary reference to the bean. destroySingleton(beanName); throw ex; } } }); bean = getObjectForBeanInstance(sharedInstance, name, beanName, mbd); } else if (mbd.isPrototype()) { // It's a prototype -> create a new instance. Object prototypeInstance = null; try { beforePrototypeCreation(beanName); prototypeInstance = createBean(beanName, mbd, args); } finally { afterPrototypeCreation(beanName); } bean = getObjectForBeanInstance(prototypeInstance, name, beanName, mbd); } else { String scopeName = mbd.getScope(); final Scope scope = this.scopes.get(scopeName); if (scope == null) { throw new IllegalStateException("No Scope registered for scope name '" + scopeName + "'"); } try { Object scopedInstance = scope.get(beanName, new ObjectFactory<Object>() { @Override public Object getObject() throws BeansException { beforePrototypeCreation(beanName); try { return createBean(beanName, mbd, args); } finally { afterPrototypeCreation(beanName); } } }); bean = getObjectForBeanInstance(scopedInstance, name, beanName, mbd); } catch (IllegalStateException ex) { throw new BeanCreationException(beanName, "Scope '" + scopeName + "' is not active for the current thread; consider " + "defining a scoped proxy for this bean if you intend to refer to it from a singleton", ex); } } } catch (BeansException ex) { cleanupAfterBeanCreationFailure(beanName); throw ex; } } // Check if required type matches the type of the actual bean instance. if (requiredType != null && bean != null && !requiredType.isAssignableFrom(bean.getClass())) { try { return getTypeConverter().convertIfNecessary(bean, requiredType); } catch (TypeMismatchException ex) { if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) { logger.debug("Failed to convert bean '" + name + "' to required type [" + ClassUtils.getQualifiedName(requiredType) + "]", ex); } throw new BeanNotOfRequiredTypeException(name, requiredType, bean.getClass()); } } return (T) bean; }这个方法很长我们一点点说。先看我们的关注点1Object sharedInstance = getSingleton(beanName)根据名称从单例的集合中获取单例对象，我们看下这个方法,他最终是org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry#getSingleton(java.lang.String, boolean)
protected Object getSingleton(String beanName, boolean allowEarlyReference) { Object singletonObject = this.singletonObjects.get(beanName); if (singletonObject == null && isSingletonCurrentlyInCreation(beanName)) { synchronized (this.singletonObjects) { singletonObject = this.earlySingletonObjects.get(beanName); if (singletonObject == null && allowEarlyReference) { ObjectFactory<?> singletonFactory = this.singletonFactories.get(beanName); if (singletonFactory != null) { singletonObject = singletonFactory.getObject(); this.earlySingletonObjects.put(beanName, singletonObject); this.singletonFactories.remove(beanName); } } } } return (singletonObject != NULL_OBJECT ? singletonObject : null); }大家一定要注意这个方法，很关键，我们开篇提到了三级缓存，使用点之一就是这里。到底是哪三级缓存呢，第一级缓存singletonObjects里面放置的是实例化好的单例对象。第二级earlySingletonObjects里面存放的是提前曝光的单例对象（没有完全装配好）。第三级singletonFactories里面存放的是要被实例化的对象的对象工厂。解释好了三级缓存，我们再看看逻辑。第一次进来this.singletonObjects.get(beanName)返回的肯定是null。然后isSingletonCurrentlyInCreation决定了能否进入二级缓存中获取数据。
public boolean isSingletonCurrentlyInCreation(String beanName) { return this.singletonsCurrentlyInCreation.contains(beanName); }从singletonsCurrentlyInCreation这个Set中有没有包含传入的BeanName，前面没有地方设置，所以肯定不包含，所以这个方法返回false,后面的流程就不走了。getSingleton这个方法返回的是null。
下面我们看下关注点2.也是一个getSingleton只不过他是真实的创建Bean的过程，我们可以看到传入了一个匿名的ObjectFactory的对象，他的getObject方法中调用的是createBean这个真正的创建Bean的方法。当然我们可以先搁置一下，继续看我们的getSingleton方法
public Object getSingleton(String beanName, ObjectFactory<?> singletonFactory) { Assert.notNull(beanName, "'beanName' must not be null"); synchronized (this.singletonObjects) { Object singletonObject = this.singletonObjects.get(beanName); if (singletonObject == null) { if (this.singletonsCurrentlyInDestruction) { throw new BeanCreationNotAllowedException(beanName, "Singleton bean creation not allowed while the singletons of this factory are in destruction " + "(Do not request a bean from a BeanFactory in a destroy method implementation!)"); } if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) { logger.debug("Creating shared instance of singleton bean '" + beanName + "'"); } beforeSingletonCreation(beanName); boolean newSingleton = false; boolean recordSuppressedExceptions = (this.suppressedExceptions == null); if (recordSuppressedExceptions) { this.suppressedExceptions = new LinkedHashSet<Exception>(); } try { singletonObject = singletonFactory.getObject(); newSingleton = true; } catch (IllegalStateException ex) { // Has the singleton object implicitly appeared in the meantime -> // if yes, proceed with it since the exception indicates that state. singletonObject = this.singletonObjects.get(beanName); if (singletonObject == null) { throw ex; } } catch (BeanCreationException ex) { if (recordSuppressedExceptions) { for (Exception suppressedException : this.suppressedExceptions) { ex.addRelatedCause(suppressedException); } } throw ex; } finally { if (recordSuppressedExceptions) { this.suppressedExceptions = null; } afterSingletonCreation(beanName); } if (newSingleton) { addSingleton(beanName, singletonObject); } } return (singletonObject != NULL_OBJECT ? singletonObject : null); } }这个方法的第一句Object singletonObject = this.singletonObjects.get(beanName)从一级缓存中取数据，肯定是null。随后就调用的beforeSingletonCreation方法。
protected void beforeSingletonCreation(String beanName) { if (!this.inCreationCheckExclusions.contains(beanName) && !this.singletonsCurrentlyInCreation.add(beanName)) { throw new BeanCurrentlyInCreationException(beanName); } }其中就有往singletonsCurrentlyInCreation这个Set中添加beanName的过程，这个Set很重要，后面会用到。随后就是调用singletonFactory的getObject方法进行真正的创建过程，下面我们看下刚刚上文提到的真正的创建的过程createBean,它里面的核心逻辑是doCreateBean.
protected Object doCreateBean(final String beanName, final RootBeanDefinition mbd, final Object[] args) { // Instantiate the bean. BeanWrapper instanceWrapper = null; if (mbd.isSingleton()) { instanceWrapper = this.factoryBeanInstanceCache.remove(beanName); } if (instanceWrapper == null) { instanceWrapper = createBeanInstance(beanName, mbd, args); } final Object bean = (instanceWrapper != null ? instanceWrapper.getWrappedInstance() : null); Class<?> beanType = (instanceWrapper != null ? instanceWrapper.getWrappedClass() : null); // Allow post-processors to modify the merged bean definition. synchronized (mbd.postProcessingLock) { if (!mbd.postProcessed) { applyMergedBeanDefinitionPostProcessors(mbd, beanType, beanName); mbd.postProcessed = true; } } // Eagerly cache singletons to be able to resolve circular references // even when triggered by lifecycle interfaces like BeanFactoryAware. //关注点3 boolean earlySingletonExposure = (mbd.isSingleton() && this.allowCircularReferences && isSingletonCurrentlyInCreation(beanName)); if (earlySingletonExposure) { if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) { logger.debug("Eagerly caching bean '" + beanName + "' to allow for resolving potential circular references"); } addSingletonFactory(beanName, new ObjectFactory<Object>() { @Override public Object getObject() throws BeansException { return getEarlyBeanReference(beanName, mbd, bean); } }); } // Initialize the bean instance. Object exposedObject = bean; try { populateBean(beanName, mbd, instanceWrapper); if (exposedObject != null) { exposedObject = initializeBean(beanName, exposedObject, mbd); } } catch (Throwable ex) { if (ex instanceof BeanCreationException && beanName.equals(((BeanCreationException) ex).getBeanName())) { throw (BeanCreationException) ex; } else { throw new BeanCreationException(mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName, "Initialization of bean failed", ex); } } if (earlySingletonExposure) { Object earlySingletonReference = getSingleton(beanName, false); if (earlySingletonReference != null) { if (exposedObject == bean) { exposedObject = earlySingletonReference; } else if (!this.allowRawInjectionDespiteWrapping && hasDependentBean(beanName)) { String[] dependentBeans = getDependentBeans(beanName); Set<String> actualDependentBeans = new LinkedHashSet<String>(dependentBeans.length); for (String dependentBean : dependentBeans) { if (!removeSingletonIfCreatedForTypeCheckOnly(dependentBean)) { actualDependentBeans.add(dependentBean); } } if (!actualDependentBeans.isEmpty()) { throw new BeanCurrentlyInCreationException(beanName, "Bean with name '" + beanName + "' has been injected into other beans [" + StringUtils.collectionToCommaDelimitedString(actualDependentBeans) + "] in its raw version as part of a circular reference, but has eventually been " + "wrapped. This means that said other beans do not use the final version of the " + "bean. This is often the result of over-eager type matching - consider using " + "'getBeanNamesOfType' with the 'allowEagerInit' flag turned off, for example."); } } } } // Register bean as disposable. try { registerDisposableBeanIfNecessary(beanName, bean, mbd); } catch (BeanDefinitionValidationException ex) { throw new BeanCreationException(mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName, "Invalid destruction signature", ex); } return exposedObject; }createBeanInstance利用反射创建了对象，下面我们看看关注点3 earlySingletonExposure属性值的判断，其中有一个判断点就是isSingletonCurrentlyInCreation(beanName)
public boolean isSingletonCurrentlyInCreation(String beanName) { return this.singletonsCurrentlyInCreation.contains(beanName); }发现使用的是singletonsCurrentlyInCreation这个Set,上文的步骤中已经将BeanName已经填充进去了，所以可以查到，所以earlySingletonExposure这个属性是结合其他的条件综合判断为true,进行下面的流程addSingletonFactory,这里是为这个Bean添加ObjectFactory,这个BeanName(A)对应的对象工厂，他的getObject方法的实现是通过getEarlyBeanReference这个方法实现的。首先我们看下addSingletonFactory的实现
protected void addSingletonFactory(String beanName, ObjectFactory<?> singletonFactory) { Assert.notNull(singletonFactory, "Singleton factory must not be null"); synchronized (this.singletonObjects) { if (!this.singletonObjects.containsKey(beanName)) { this.singletonFactories.put(beanName, singletonFactory); this.earlySingletonObjects.remove(beanName); this.registeredSingletons.add(beanName); } } }往第三级缓存singletonFactories存放数据，清除第二级缓存根据beanName的数据。这里有个很重要的点，是往三级缓存里面set了值，这是Spring处理循环依赖的核心点。getEarlyBeanReference这个方法是getObject的实现，可以简单认为是返回了一个为填充完毕的A的对象实例。设置完三级缓存后，就开始了填充A对象属性的过程。下面这段描述，没有源码提示，只是简单的介绍一下。
填充A的时候，发现需要B类型的Bean，于是继续调用getBean方法创建，记性的流程和上面A的完全一致，然后到了填充C类型的Bean的过程，同样的调用getBean(C)来执行，同样到了填充属性A的时候，调用了getBean(A),我们从这里继续说，调用了doGetBean中的Object sharedInstance = getSingleton(beanName),相同的代码，但是处理逻辑完全不一样了。
protected Object getSingleton(String beanName, boolean allowEarlyReference) { Object singletonObject = this.singletonObjects.get(beanName); if (singletonObject == null && isSingletonCurrentlyInCreation(beanName)) { synchronized (this.singletonObjects) { singletonObject = this.earlySingletonObjects.get(beanName); if (singletonObject == null && allowEarlyReference) { ObjectFactory<?> singletonFactory = this.singletonFactories.get(beanName); if (singletonFactory != null) { singletonObject = singletonFactory.getObject(); this.earlySingletonObjects.put(beanName, singletonObject); this.singletonFactories.remove(beanName); } } } } return (singletonObject != NULL_OBJECT ? singletonObject : null); }还是从singletonObjects获取对象获取不到，因为A是在singletonsCurrentlyInCreation这个Set中，所以进入了下面的逻辑，从二级缓存earlySingletonObjects中取，还是没有查到，然后从三级缓存singletonFactories找到对应的对象工厂调用getObject方法获取未完全填充完毕的A的实例对象，然后删除三级缓存的数据，填充二级缓存的数据，返回这个对象A。C依赖A的实例填充完毕了，虽然这个A是不完整的。不管怎么样C式填充完了，就可以将C放到一级缓存singletonObjects同时清理二级和三级缓存的数据。同样的流程B依赖的C填充好了，B也就填充好了，同理A依赖的B填充好了，A也就填充好了。Spring就是通过这种方式来解决循环引用的。
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