首先我们要知道什么是Spring Boot，这里简单说一下，Spring Boot可以看作是一个框架中的框架--->集成了各种框架，像security、jpa、data、cloud等等，它无须关心配置可以快速启动开发，有兴趣可以了解下自动化配置实现原理,本质上是 spring 4.0的条件化配置实现，深抛下注解，就会看到了。
说Spring Boot 文件上传原理 其实就是Spring MVC，因为这部分工作是Spring MVC做的而不是Spring Boot，那么，SpringMVC又是怎么处理文件上传这个过程的呢？
图:
首先项目启动相关配置，再执行上述第二步的时候 DispatcherServlet会去查找id为multipartResolver的Bean，在配置中看到Bean指向的是CommonsMultipartResolve，其中实现了MultipartResolver接口。
第四步骤这里会判断是否multipart文件即isMultipart方法，返回true：就会调用 multipartResolver 方法，传递HttpServletRequest会返回一个MultipartHttpServletRequest对象，再有DispatcherServlet进行处理到Controller层；返回false：会忽略掉，继续传递HttpServletRequest。
在MVC中需要在配置文件webApplicationContext.xml中配置 如下：
<bean id="multipartResolver"> <property name="defaultEncoding" value="UTF-8"/> <property name="maxUploadSize" value="100000000"/> <property name="uploadTempDir" value="fileUpload/temp"/> </bean>
而Spring Boot已经自动配置好，直接用就行，做个test没什么问题。有默认的上传限制大小，不过在实际开发中我们还是做一些配置的，
如下在application.properties中：
# multipart config#默认支持文件上传spring.http.multipart.enabled=true#文件上传目录spring.http.multipart.location=/tmp/xunwu/images/#最大支持文件大小spring.http.multipart.max-file-size=4Mb#最大支持请求大小spring.http.multipart.max-request-size=20MB
当然也可以写配置类来实现，具体的就不做展示了。
看完上述你肯定有个大概的了解了，这里再嗦下，Spring提供Multipart的解析器：MultipartResolver，上述说的是CommonsMultipartResolver，它是基于Commons File Upload第三方来实现，这也是在Servlet3.0之前的东西，3.0+之后也可以不需要依赖第三方库，可以用StandardServletMultipartResolver，同样也是实现了MultipartResolver接口，我们可以看下它的实现：
* Copyright 2002-2017 the original author or authors.package org.springframework.web.multipart.support;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;import javax.servlet.http.Part;import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartException;import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartHttpServletRequest;import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartResolver;/** * Standard implementation of the {@link MultipartResolver} interface, * based on the Servlet 3.0 {@link javax.servlet.http.Part} API. * To be added as "multipartResolver" bean to a Spring DispatcherServlet context, * without any extra configuration at the bean level (see below). * * <p><b>Note:</b> In order to use Servlet 3.0 based multipart parsing, * you need to mark the affected servlet with a "multipart-config" section in * {@code web.xml}, or with a {@link javax.servlet.MultipartConfigElement} * in programmatic servlet registration, or (in case of a custom servlet class) * possibly with a {@link javax.servlet.annotation.MultipartConfig} annotation * on your servlet class. Configuration settings such as maximum sizes or * storage locations need to be applied at that servlet registration level; * Servlet 3.0 does not allow for them to be set at the MultipartResolver level. * * @author Juergen Hoeller * @since 3.1 * @see #setResolveLazily * @see HttpServletRequest#getParts() * @see org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver */public class StandardServletMultipartResolver implements MultipartResolver { private boolean resolveLazily = false; /** * Set whether to resolve the multipart request lazily at the time of * file or parameter access. * <p>Default is "false", resolving the multipart elements immediately, throwing * corresponding exceptions at the time of the {@link #resolveMultipart} call. * Switch this to "true" for lazy multipart parsing, throwing parse exceptions * once the application attempts to obtain multipart files or parameters. */ public void setResolveLazily(boolean resolveLazily) { this.resolveLazily = resolveLazily; } @Override public boolean isMultipart(HttpServletRequest request) { // Same check as in Commons FileUpload... if (!"post".equals(request.getMethod().toLowerCase())) { return false; } String contentType = request.getContentType(); return (contentType != null && contentType.toLowerCase().startsWith("multipart/")); } @Override public MultipartHttpServletRequest resolveMultipart(HttpServletRequest request) throws MultipartException { return new StandardMultipartHttpServletRequest(request, this.resolveLazily); } @Override public void cleanupMultipart(MultipartHttpServletRequest request) { // To be on the safe side: explicitly delete the parts, // but only actual file parts (for Resin compatibility) try { for (Part part : request.getParts()) { if (request.getFile(part.getName()) != null) { part.delete(); } } } catch (Throwable ex) { LogFactory.getLog(getClass()).warn("Failed to perform cleanup of multipart items", ex); } }}这里是之前写的test的后者实现配置类，可以简单看下，作为了解：
package com.bj.config;import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.ConditionalOnMissingBean;import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.MultipartProperties;import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.EnableConfigurationProperties;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartResolver;import org.springframework.web.multipart.support.StandardServletMultipartResolver;import org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet;import javax.servlet.MultipartConfigElement;@Configuration@EnableConfigurationProperties(MultipartProperties.class)public class FileUploadConfig { private final MultipartProperties multipartProperties; public FileUploadConfig(MultipartProperties multipartProperties){ this.multipartProperties=multipartProperties; } /** * 注册解析器 * @return */ @Bean(name= DispatcherServlet.MULTIPART_RESOLVER_BEAN_NAME) @ConditionalOnMissingBean(MultipartResolver.class) public StandardServletMultipartResolver multipartResolver(){ StandardServletMultipartResolver multipartResolver = new StandardServletMultipartResolver(); multipartResolver.setResolveLazily(multipartProperties.isResolveLazily()); return multipartResolver; } /** * 上传配置 * @return */ @Bean @ConditionalOnMissingBean public MultipartConfigElement multipartConfigElement(){ return this.multipartProperties.createMultipartConfig(); }}总结
以上所述是小编给大家介绍的Spring Boot 文件上传原理解析，希望对大家有所帮助，如果大家有任何疑问请给我留言，小编会及时回复大家的。在此也非常感谢大家对武林网网站的支持！