springboot整合H2内存数据库实现单元测试与数据库无关性

一、新建spring boot工程

新建工程的时候，需要加入JPA，H2依赖

二、工程结构

pom文件依赖如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>   <groupId>com.chhliu.springboot.h2</groupId>  <artifactId>springboot-h2</artifactId>  <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>  <packaging>jar</packaging>   <name>springboot-h2</name>  <description>Demo project for Spring Boot H2</description>   <parent>   <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>   <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>   <version>1.4.3.RELEASE</version>   <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->  </parent>   <properties>   <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>   <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>   <java.version>1.7</java.version>  </properties>   <dependencies>   <dependency>    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>   </dependency>   <dependency>    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>   </dependency>    <dependency>    <groupId>com.h2database</groupId>    <artifactId>h2</artifactId>    <scope>runtime</scope>   </dependency>   <dependency>    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>    <scope>test</scope>   </dependency>  </dependencies>   <build>   <plugins>    <plugin>     <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>     <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>    </plugin>   </plugins>  </build> </project> 

三、编写实体类

package com.chhliu.springboot.h2.entity; import java.math.BigDecimal; import javax.persistence.Column; import javax.persistence.Entity; import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue; import javax.persistence.GenerationType; import javax.persistence.Id;  @Entity public class User {  @Id  @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO)  private Long id;   @Column  private String username;   @Column  private String name;   @Column  private Short age;   @Column  private BigDecimal balance;   ……省略gettter和setter方法 } 

四、编写dao

package com.chhliu.springboot.h2.repository; import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository; import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository; import com.chhliu.springboot.h2.entity.User; @Repository public interface UserRepository extends JpaRepository<User, Long> {  } 

五、编写controller

package com.chhliu.springboot.h2.controller; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;  import com.chhliu.springboot.h2.entity.User; import com.chhliu.springboot.h2.repository.UserRepository;  @RestController public class UserController {   @Autowired  private UserRepository userRepository;   @GetMapping("/user/{id}")// 注意，此处使用的是GetMapping注解，该注解的作用类似与@RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}" ,method=RequestMethod.GET)，@PostMapping注解同理  public User findById(@PathVariable Long id) {  return this.userRepository.findOne(id);  } } 

六、配置文件

# 服务器端口号 server.port=7900 # 是否生成ddl语句 spring.jpa.generate-ddl=false # 是否打印sql语句 spring.jpa.show-sql=true # 自动生成ddl，由于指定了具体的ddl，此处设置为none spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto=none # 使用H2数据库 spring.datasource.platform=h2 # 指定生成数据库的schema文件位置 spring.datasource.schema=classpath:schema.sql # 指定插入数据库语句的脚本位置 spring.datasource.data=classpath:data.sql # 配置日志打印信息 logging.level.root=INFO logging.level.org.hibernate=INFO logging.level.org.hibernate.type.descriptor.sql.BasicBinder=TRACE logging.level.org.hibernate.type.descriptor.sql.BasicExtractor=TRACE logging.level.com.itmuch=DEBUG 

七、启动程序

在浏览器中输入如下URL：http://localhost:7900/user/4

可以看到测试结果

{"id":4,"username":"user4","name":"马六","age":20,"balance":100.00}

说明，我们的整合是OK的

八、测试dao层

package com.chhliu.springboot.h2; import org.junit.Assert; import org.junit.Test; import org.junit.runner.RunWith; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest; import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner; import com.chhliu.springboot.h2.entity.User; import com.chhliu.springboot.h2.repository.UserRepository; @RunWith(SpringRunner.class) @SpringBootTest public class SpringbootH2ApplicationTests {   @Autowired  private UserRepository repository;    @Test  public void test(){   User u = repository.findOne(1L);   Assert.assertEquals("成功的测试用例", "张三", u.getName());  } } 

发现测试是ok的！

九、总结

由于H2是关系内存数据库，当程序启动的时候，会在内存中创建表，并将数据存储在内存中，当重启程序后，会自动删除内存中的数据，从而可以很好的用来做dao层的单元测试和service层的单元测试，使整个程序不会依赖具体的数据库，同时也提高了单元测试的效率。

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