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spring security自定义认证登录的全过程记录

作者：Eve Cole 更新时间：2025-08-22 18:48:02

spring security使用分类：

如何使用spring security，相信百度过的都知道，总共有四种用法，从简到深为：

1、不用数据库，全部数据写在配置文件，这个也是官方文档里面的demo；

2、使用数据库，根据spring security默认实现代码设计数据库，也就是说数据库已经固定了，这种方法不灵活，而且那个数据库设计得很简陋，实用性差；

3、spring security和Acegi不同，它不能修改默认filter了，但支持插入filter，所以根据这个，我们可以插入自己的filter来灵活使用；

4、暴力手段，修改源码，前面说的修改默认filter只是修改配置文件以替换filter而已，这种是直接改了里面的源码，但是这种不符合OO设计原则，而且不实际，不可用。

本文主要介绍了关于spring security自定义认证登录的相关内容，分享出来供大家参考学习，下面话不多说了，来一起看看详细的介绍吧。

1.概要

1.1.简介

spring security是一种基于 Spring AOP 和 Servlet 过滤器的安全框架，以此来管理权限认证等。

1.2.spring security 自定义认证流程

1）认证过程

生成未认证的AuthenticationToken

↑（获取信息）  （根据AuthenticationToken分配provider）      AuthenticationFilter -> AuthenticationManager -> AuthenticationProvider        ↓（认证）       UserDetails（一般查询数据库获取）        ↓（通过）        生成认证成功的AuthenticationToken         ↓（存放）        SecurityContextHolder

2）将AuthenticationFilter加入到security过滤链（资源服务器中配置），如：

http.addFilterBefore(AuthenticationFilter, AbstractPreAuthenticatedProcessingFilter.class)

或者：

http.addFilterAfter(AuthenticationFilter, UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter.class)

2.以手机号短信登录为例

2.1.开发环境

  • SpringBoot
  • Spring security
  • Redis

2.2.核心代码分析

2.2.1.自定义登录认证流程

2.2.1.1.自定义认证登录Token

/** * 手机登录Token * * @author ： CatalpaFlat */public class MobileLoginAuthenticationToken extends AbstractAuthenticationToken { private static final long serialVersionUID = SpringSecurityCoreVersion.SERIAL_VERSION_UID; private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MobileLoginAuthenticationToken.class.getName()); private final Object principal; public MobileLoginAuthenticationToken(String mobile) { super(null); this.principal = mobile; this.setAuthenticated(false); logger.info("MobileLoginAuthenticationToken setAuthenticated ->false loading ..."); } public MobileLoginAuthenticationToken(Object principal,      Collection<? extends GrantedAuthority> authorities) { super(authorities); this.principal = principal; // must use super, as we override super.setAuthenticated(true); logger.info("MobileLoginAuthenticationToken setAuthenticated ->true loading ..."); } @Override public void setAuthenticated(boolean authenticated) { if (authenticated) {  throw new IllegalArgumentException(   "Cannot set this token to trusted - use constructor which takes a GrantedAuthority list instead"); } super.setAuthenticated(false); } @Override public Object getCredentials() { return null; } @Override public Object getPrincipal() { return this.principal; } @Override public void eraseCredentials() { super.eraseCredentials(); }}

注：

setAuthenticated()：判断是否已认证

  • 在过滤器时，会生成一个未认证的AuthenticationToken，此时调用的是自定义token的setAuthenticated()，此时设置为false -> 未认证
  • 在提供者时，会生成一个已认证的AuthenticationToken，此时调用的是父类的setAuthenticated()，此时设置为true -> 已认证

2.2.1.1.自定义认证登录过滤器

/** * 手机短信登录过滤器 * * @author ： CatalpaFlat */public class MobileLoginAuthenticationFilter extends AbstractAuthenticationProcessingFilter { private boolean postOnly = true; private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MobileLoginAuthenticationFilter.class.getName()); @Getter @Setter private String mobileParameterName; public MobileLoginAuthenticationFilter(String mobileLoginUrl, String mobileParameterName,      String httpMethod) { super(new AntPathRequestMatcher(mobileLoginUrl, httpMethod)); this.mobileParameterName = mobileParameterName; logger.info("MobileLoginAuthenticationFilter loading ..."); } @Override public Authentication attemptAuthentication(HttpServletRequest request,      HttpServletResponse response) throws AuthenticationException, IOException, ServletException { if (postOnly && !request.getMethod().equals(HttpMethod.POST.name())) {  throw new AuthenticationServiceException("Authentication method not supported: " + request.getMethod()); } //get mobile String mobile = obtainMobile(request); //assemble token MobileLoginAuthenticationToken authRequest = new MobileLoginAuthenticationToken(mobile); // Allow subclasses to set the "details" property setDetails(request, authRequest); return this.getAuthenticationManager().authenticate(authRequest); } /** * 设置身份认证的详情信息 */ private void setDetails(HttpServletRequest request, MobileLoginAuthenticationToken authRequest) { authRequest.setDetails(authenticationDetailsSource.buildDetails(request)); } /** * 获取手机号 */ private String obtainMobile(HttpServletRequest request) { return request.getParameter(mobileParameterName); } public void setPostOnly(boolean postOnly) { this.postOnly = postOnly; }}

注：attemptAuthentication()方法：

  • 过滤指定的url、httpMethod
  • 获取所需请求参数数据封装生成一个未认证的AuthenticationToken
  • 传递给AuthenticationManager认证

2.2.1.1.自定义认证登录提供者

/** * 手机短信登录认证提供者 * * @author ： CatalpaFlat */public class MobileLoginAuthenticationProvider implements AuthenticationProvider { private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MobileLoginAuthenticationProvider.class.getName()); @Getter @Setter private UserDetailsService customUserDetailsService; public MobileLoginAuthenticationProvider() { logger.info("MobileLoginAuthenticationProvider loading ..."); } /** * 认证 */ @Override public Authentication authenticate(Authentication authentication) throws AuthenticationException { //获取过滤器封装的token信息 MobileLoginAuthenticationToken authenticationToken = (MobileLoginAuthenticationToken) authentication; //获取用户信息（数据库认证） UserDetails userDetails = customUserDetailsService.loadUserByUsername((String) authenticationToken.getPrincipal()); //不通过 if (userDetails == null) {  throw new InternalAuthenticationServiceException("Unable to obtain user information"); } //通过 MobileLoginAuthenticationToken authenticationResult = new MobileLoginAuthenticationToken(userDetails, userDetails.getAuthorities()); authenticationResult.setDetails(authenticationToken.getDetails()); return authenticationResult; } /** * 根据token类型，来判断使用哪个Provider */ @Override public boolean supports(Class<?> authentication) { return MobileLoginAuthenticationToken.class.isAssignableFrom(authentication); }}

注：authenticate()方法

  • 获取过滤器封装的token信息
  • 调取UserDetailsService获取用户信息（数据库认证）->判断通过与否
  • 通过则封装一个新的AuthenticationToken，并返回

2.2.1.1.自定义认证登录认证配置

@Configuration(SpringBeanNameConstant.DEFAULT_CUSTOM_MOBILE_LOGIN_AUTHENTICATION_SECURITY_CONFIG_BN)public class MobileLoginAuthenticationSecurityConfig extends SecurityConfigurerAdapter<DefaultSecurityFilterChain, HttpSecurity> { private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MobileLoginAuthenticationSecurityConfig.class.getName()); @Value("${login.mobile.url}") private String defaultMobileLoginUrl; @Value("${login.mobile.parameter}") private String defaultMobileLoginParameter; @Value("${login.mobile.httpMethod}") private String defaultMobileLoginHttpMethod; @Autowired private CustomYmlConfig customYmlConfig; @Autowired private UserDetailsService customUserDetailsService; @Autowired private AuthenticationSuccessHandler customAuthenticationSuccessHandler; @Autowired private AuthenticationFailureHandler customAuthenticationFailureHandler; public MobileLoginAuthenticationSecurityConfig() { logger.info("MobileLoginAuthenticationSecurityConfig loading ..."); } @Override public void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception { MobilePOJO mobile = customYmlConfig.getLogins().getMobile(); String url = mobile.getUrl(); String parameter = mobile.getParameter().getMobile(); String httpMethod = mobile.getHttpMethod(); MobileLoginAuthenticationFilter mobileLoginAuthenticationFilter = new MobileLoginAuthenticationFilter(StringUtils.isBlank(url) ? defaultMobileLoginUrl : url,  StringUtils.isBlank(parameter) ? defaultMobileLoginUrl : parameter, StringUtils.isBlank(httpMethod) ? defaultMobileLoginHttpMethod : httpMethod); mobileLoginAuthenticationFilter.setAuthenticationManager(http.getSharedObject(AuthenticationManager.class)); mobileLoginAuthenticationFilter.setAuthenticationSuccessHandler(customAuthenticationSuccessHandler); mobileLoginAuthenticationFilter.setAuthenticationFailureHandler(customAuthenticationFailureHandler); MobileLoginAuthenticationProvider mobileLoginAuthenticationProvider = new MobileLoginAuthenticationProvider(); mobileLoginAuthenticationProvider.setCustomUserDetailsService(customUserDetailsService); http.authenticationProvider(mobileLoginAuthenticationProvider)  .addFilterAfter(mobileLoginAuthenticationFilter, UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter.class); }}

注：configure()方法

实例化AuthenticationFilter和AuthenticationProvider

将AuthenticationFilter和AuthenticationProvider添加到spring security中。

2.2.2.基于redis自定义验证码校验

2.2.2.1.基于redis自定义验证码过滤器

/** * 验证码过滤器 * * @author ： CatalpaFlat */@Component(SpringBeanNameConstant.DEFAULT_VALIDATE_CODE_FILTER_BN)public class ValidateCodeFilter extends OncePerRequestFilter implements InitializingBean { private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ValidateCodeFilter.class.getName()); @Autowired private CustomYmlConfig customYmlConfig; @Autowired private RedisTemplate<Object, Object> redisTemplate; /**  * 验证请求url与配置的url是否匹配的工具类  */ private AntPathMatcher pathMatcher = new AntPathMatcher(); public ValidateCodeFilter() {  logger.info("Loading ValidateCodeFilter..."); } @Override protected void doFilterInternal(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response,         FilterChain filterChain) throws ServletException, IOException {  String url = customYmlConfig.getLogins().getMobile().getUrl();  if (pathMatcher.match(url, request.getRequestURI())) {   String deviceId = request.getHeader("deviceId");   if (StringUtils.isBlank(deviceId)) {    throw new CustomException(HttpStatus.NOT_ACCEPTABLE.value(), "Not deviceId in the head of the request");   }   String codeParamName = customYmlConfig.getLogins().getMobile().getParameter().getCode();   String code = request.getParameter(codeParamName);   if (StringUtils.isBlank(code)) {    throw new CustomException(HttpStatus.NOT_ACCEPTABLE.value(), "Not code in the parameters of the request");   }   String key = SystemConstant.DEFAULT_MOBILE_KEY_PIX + deviceId;   SmsCodePO smsCodePo = (SmsCodePO) redisTemplate.opsForValue().get(key);   if (smsCodePo.isExpried()){    throw new CustomException(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST.value(), "The verification code has expired");   }   String smsCode = smsCodePo.getCode();   if (StringUtils.isBlank(smsCode)) {    throw new CustomException(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST.value(), "Verification code does not exist");   }   if (StringUtils.equals(code, smsCode)) {    redisTemplate.delete(key);    //let it go    filterChain.doFilter(request, response);   } else {    throw new CustomException(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST.value(), "Validation code is incorrect");   }  }else {   //let it go   filterChain.doFilter(request, response);  } }}

注：doFilterInternal()

自定义验证码过滤校验

2.2.2.2.将自定义验证码过滤器添加到spring security过滤器链

http.addFilterBefore(validateCodeFilter, AbstractPreAuthenticatedProcessingFilter.class)

注：添加到认证预处理过滤器前

3.测试效果

最后附上源码地址：https://gitee.com/CatalpaFlat/springSecurity.git （本地下载）

总结

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