zig bl602 nuttx

在RISC-V BL602上使用Apache nuttx RTO和Lorawan的曲折

阅读文章...

• “ RISC-V BL602上的Zig：快速窥视Apache nuttx rtos”

• “使用Zig和Lorawan建立IoT应用程序”

要在bl602上构建nuttx的hello Zig应用程序...

 # #  Enable Zig App in NuttX menuconfig
make menuconfig

# #  TODO: Select "Application Configuration > Examples > Hello Zig Example"
# #  Save the configuration and exit menuconfig.

# #  Build Nuttx
make

# #  NuttX Build fails with Undefined Reference to `hello_zig_main`
# #  That's OK, here's the fix...

# #  Download our modified Zig App for NuttX
git clone --recursive https://github.com/lupyuen/zig-bl602-nuttx
cd zig-bl602-nuttx

# #  Compile the Zig App for BL602 (RV32IMACF with Hardware Floating-Point)
zig build-obj 
    -target riscv32-freestanding-none 
    -mcpu sifive_e76 
    hello_zig_main.zig

# #  Dump the ABI for the compiled app
riscv64-unknown-elf-readelf -h -A hello_zig_main.o
# #  Shows "Flags: 0x1, RVC, soft-float ABI"
# #  Which is Software Floating-Point.
# #  This won't link with NuttX because NuttX is compiled with Hardware Floating-Point

# #  We change Software Floating-Point to Hardware Floating-Point...
# #  Edit hello_zig_main.o in a Hex Editor, change byte 0x24 from 0x01 to 0x03
# #  (See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executable_and_Linkable_Format#File_header)

# #  Dump the ABI for the compiled app
riscv64-unknown-elf-readelf -h -A hello_zig_main.o
# #  Shows "Flags: 0x3, RVC, single-float ABI"
# #  Which is Hardware Floating-Point and will link with NuttX

# #  Copy the compiled app to NuttX and overwrite `hello.o`
# #  TODO: Change "$HOME/nuttx" to your NuttX Project Directory
cp hello_zig_main.o $HOME /nuttx/apps/examples/hello/ * hello.o

# #  Build NuttX to link the Zig Object from `hello.o`
# #  TODO: Change "$HOME/nuttx" to your NuttX Project Directory
cd $HOME /nuttx/nuttx
make

# #  NuttX build should now succeed

启动nuttx并在nuttx shell ...

 NuttShell (NSH) NuttX-10.3.0-RC2

nsh> hello_zig
Hello, Zig!

对于Lorawan Zig应用程序，请参阅此...

• “将Lorawan应用程序转换为Zig”

要使用Zig编译器在C中编译C中的Lora SX1262库，请参阅此...

• “ ZIG编译器作为GCC的倒入替换”

这是我们使Zig和Lorawan在BL602 Nuttx上运行的方式...

nuttx的Zig应用程序

apache nuttx rtos与一个简单的Zig应用程序捆绑在一起...让我们在bl602上运行此操作：hello_zig_main.zig

 //  Import the Zig Standard Library
const std = @import ( "std" );

//  Import printf() from C
pub extern fn printf (
    _format : [ * : 0 ] const u8
) c_int ;

//  Main Function
pub export fn hello_zig_main (
    _argc : c_int , 
    _argv : [ * ] const [ * ] const u8
) c_int {
    _ = _argc ;
    _ = _argv ;
    _ = printf ( "Hello, Zig! n " );
    return 0 ;
}

我们修复了最后两行，以使曲折编译器快乐...

 //  Previously: printf("Hello, Zig!n");
//  Zig needs us to use the returned value from printf()...
_ = printf ( "Hello, Zig! n " );

//  Previously this was missing.
//  Zig needs us to return a value...
return 0 ;

原始版本在这里：hello_zig_main.zig

启用Zig应用程序

启用nuttx中的Zig应用...

make menuconfig

选择“应用程序配置>示例> Hello Zig示例”

保存配置并退出menuconfig。

构建失败在nuttx上

当我们构建nuttx ...

make

我们看到这个错误...

 LD: nuttx
riscv64-unknown-elf-ld: nuttx/staging/libapps.a(builtin_list.c.home.user.nuttx.apps.builtin.o):(.rodata.g_builtins+0xbc): 
undefined reference to `hello_zig_main'

（来源）

看起来与这个问题相似...

apache/nuttx＃6219

这似乎是由NutTX构建引起的，并不称为曲折编译器。

但是不用担心！让我们自己编译Zig应用程序，然后链接到NutTx。

编译Zig应用程序

这是我们为RISC-V BL602编译我们的ZIG应用程序的方式，并将其与Nuttx链接...

 # #  Download our modified Zig App for NuttX
git clone --recursive https://github.com/lupyuen/zig-bl602-nuttx
cd zig-bl602-nuttx

# #  Compile the Zig App for BL602 (RV32IMACF with Hardware Floating-Point)
zig build-obj 
    -target riscv32-freestanding-none 
    -mcpu sifive_e76 
    hello_zig_main.zig

# #  Copy the compiled app to NuttX and overwrite `hello.o`
# #  TODO: Change "$HOME/nuttx" to your NuttX Project Directory
cp hello_zig_main.o $HOME /nuttx/apps/examples/hello/ * hello.o

# #  Build NuttX to link the Zig Object from `hello.o`
# #  TODO: Change "$HOME/nuttx" to your NuttX Project Directory
cd $HOME /nuttx/nuttx
make

ZIG目标

为什么目标是riscv32-freestanding-none ？

Zig目标的形式<arch><sub>-<os>-<abi> ...

riscv32 ：因为BL602是32位RISC-V处理器

freestanding ：因为嵌入式目标不需要操作系统

none ：因为嵌入式目标未指定ABI

为什么目标cpu sifive_e76 ？

BL602被指定为RV32IMACF ...

指定	意义
RV32I	带基本整数说明的32位RISC-V
M	整数乘法 +除法
A	原子说明
C	压缩说明
F	单精度浮点

（来源）

在所有ZIG目标中，只有sifive_e76具有相同的名称...

$ zig targets
...
" sifive_e76 " : [ " a " , " c " , " f " , " m " ],

（来源）

因此，我们将sifive_e76用作我们的CPU目标。

另外，我们可以将baseline_rv32-d用作我们的CPU目标...

 # #  Compile the Zig App for BL602 (RV32IMACF with Hardware Floating-Point)
zig build-obj 
    -target riscv32-freestanding-none 
    -mcpu=baseline_rv32-d 
    hello_zig_main.zig

因为...

• baseline_rv32表示RV32IMACFD

  （d用于双精度浮点）

• -d表示卸下双精度浮点（d）

  （但是保持单精度浮点）

（有关RISC-V功能标志的更多信息。感谢Matheus！）

浮点ABI

将编译的Zig应用程序与NutTx链接时，我们会看到此错误...

$ make
...
riscv64-unknown-elf-ld: nuttx/staging/libapps.a(hello_main.c.home.user.nuttx.apps.examples.hello.o): 
can ' t link soft-float modules with single-float modules

这是因为NutTX是为（单精量）硬件浮点ABI（应用程序二进制界面）编译的...

 # #  Do this BEFORE overwriting hello.o by hello_zig_main.o.
# #  "*hello.o" expands to something like "hello_main.c.home.user.nuttx.apps.examples.hello.o"
$ riscv64-unknown-elf-readelf -h -A $HOME /nuttx/apps/examples/hello/ * hello.o
ELF Header:
  Magic:   7f 45 4c 46 01 01 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 
  Class:                             ELF32
  Data:                              2 ' s complement, little endian
  Version:                           1 (current)
  OS/ABI:                            UNIX - System V
  ABI Version:                       0
  Type:                              REL (Relocatable file)
  Machine:                           RISC-V
  Version:                           0x1
  Entry point address:               0x0
  Start of program headers:          0 (bytes into file)
  Start of section headers:          4528 (bytes into file)
  Flags:                             0x3, RVC, single-float ABI
  Size of this header:               52 (bytes)
  Size of program headers:           0 (bytes)
  Number of program headers:         0
  Size of section headers:           40 (bytes)
  Number of section headers:         26
  Section header string table index: 25
Attribute Section: riscv
File Attributes
  Tag_RISCV_stack_align: 16-bytes
  Tag_RISCV_arch: "rv32i2p0_m2p0_a2p0_f2p0_c2p0"

（来源）

（NutTX用GCC标志-march=rv32imafc -mabi=ilp32f ）

而Zig编译器则使用软件浮点ABI生成对象文件...

$ riscv64-unknown-elf-readelf -h -A hello_zig_main.o
ELF Header:
  Magic:   7f 45 4c 46 01 01 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 
  Class:                             ELF32
  Data:                              2 ' s complement, little endian
  Version:                           1 (current)
  OS/ABI:                            UNIX - System V
  ABI Version:                       0
  Type:                              REL (Relocatable file)
  Machine:                           RISC-V
  Version:                           0x1
  Entry point address:               0x0
  Start of program headers:          0 (bytes into file)
  Start of section headers:          11968 (bytes into file)
  Flags:                             0x1, RVC, soft-float ABI
  Size of this header:               52 (bytes)
  Size of program headers:           0 (bytes)
  Number of program headers:         0
  Size of section headers:           40 (bytes)
  Number of section headers:         24
  Section header string table index: 22
Attribute Section: riscv
File Attributes
  Tag_RISCV_stack_align: 16-bytes
  Tag_RISCV_arch: "rv32i2p0_m2p0_a2p0_f2p0_c2p0"

（来源）

海湾合作委员会将不允许我们将对象文件与软件浮点数和硬件浮点abis联系起来！

（当sifive_e76支持硬件浮点点时

补丁小精灵标头

Zig编译器使用软件浮点ABI（应用程序二进制接口）生成一个对象文件...

 # #  Dump the ABI for the compiled app
$ riscv64-unknown-elf-readelf -h -A hello_zig_main.o
...
Flags: 0x1, RVC, soft-float ABI

这不会与nuttx链接，因为NutTX与硬件浮点ABI编辑。

我们通过修改精灵标头来解决此问题...

• 编辑hello_zig_main.o在十六进制编辑器中

  （例如VSCODE HEX编辑器）

• 更改字节0x24 （标志）从0x01 （软float）更改为0x03 （硬float）

  （请参阅此）

我们验证对象文件已更改为硬件浮点ABI ...

 # #  Dump the ABI for the compiled app
$ riscv64-unknown-elf-readelf -h -A hello_zig_main.o
...
Flags: 0x3, RVC, single-float ABI

现在，这是硬件浮点ABI，并将与Nuttx链接。

现在，我们将修改的对象文件与Nuttx链接...

 # #  Copy the compiled app to NuttX and overwrite `hello.o`
# #  TODO: Change "$HOME/nuttx" to your NuttX Project Directory
cp hello_zig_main.o $HOME /nuttx/apps/examples/hello/ * hello.o

# #  Build NuttX to link the Zig Object from `hello.o`
# #  TODO: Change "$HOME/nuttx" to your NuttX Project Directory
cd $HOME /nuttx/nuttx
make

Nuttx构建现在应该成功。

像这样更改ABI真的可以吗？

从技术上讲， ABI是由Zig编译器正确生成的...

 # #  Dump the ABI for the compiled Zig app
$ riscv64-unknown-elf-readelf -h -A hello_zig_main.o
...
Flags: 0x1, RVC, soft-float ABI
Tag_RISCV_arch: " rv32i2p0_m2p0_a2p0_f2p0_c2p0 "

最后一行转换为RV32IMACF ，这意味着RISC-V指令集确实针对硬件浮点。

我们只是编辑精灵标头，因为它似乎没有反映对象文件的正确ABI。

有适当的修复吗？

将来，Zig编译器可能会允许我们将浮点ABI指定为目标...

 # #  Compile the Zig App for BL602
# #  ("ilp32f" means Hardware Floating-Point ABI)
zig build-obj 
  -target riscv32-freestanding-ilp32f 
  ...

（请参阅此）

敬请关注！

我们可以通过命令行修补小精灵标头吗？

是的，我们可以通过命令行修补精灵标头...

xxd -c 1 hello_zig_main.o 
  | sed ' s/00000024: 01/00000024: 03/ ' 
  | xxd -r -c 1 - hello_zig_main2.o

Zig运行正常！

Nuttx构建成功。 Zig在Nuttx BL602上运行正常！

 NuttShell (NSH) NuttX-10.3.0-RC2

nsh> hello_zig
Hello, Zig!

您好应用

请记住，我们用ZIG编译的对象文件覆盖hello.o 。

除非我们提供hello_main函数，否则NutTX构建将失败。

 riscv64-unknown-elf-ld: nuttx/staging/libapps.a(builtin_list.c.home.user.nuttx.apps.builtin.o):(.rodata.g_builtins+0xcc): 
undefined reference to `hello_main'

这就是为什么我们在Zig应用中定义hello_main ...

 pub export fn hello_main (
    _argc : c_int , 
    _argv : [ * ] const [ * ] const u8
) c_int {
    _ = _argc ;
    _ = _argv ;
    _ = printf ( "Hello, Zig! n " );
    return 0 ;
}

（来源）

这意味着hello应用程序也会调用我们的Zig代码...

 NuttShell (NSH) NuttX-10.3.0-RC2

nsh> hello
Hello, Zig!

Pine64 Pinecone BL602板（右）连接到SPI的SEMTECH SX1262 LORA收发器（左）

ZIG编译器作为GCC的倒入替换

Zig编译器会用作替换GCC来编译NutTX库的倒入吗？

让我们在apache nuttx rtos的Lora SX1262库上进行测试！

这是Nuttx用GCC编译Lora SX1262库的方式...

 # #  LoRa SX1262 Source Directory
cd $HOME /nuttx/nuttx/libs/libsx1262

# #  Compile radio.c with GCC
riscv64-unknown-elf-gcc 
  -c 
  -fno-common 
  -Wall 
  -Wstrict-prototypes 
  -Wshadow 
  -Wundef 
  -Os 
  -fno-strict-aliasing 
  -fomit-frame-pointer 
  -fstack-protector-all 
  -ffunction-sections 
  -fdata-sections 
  -g 
  -march=rv32imafc 
  -mabi=ilp32f 
  -mno-relax 
  -isystem " $HOME /nuttx/nuttx/include " 
  -D__NuttX__ 
  -DNDEBUG 
  -DARCH_RISCV  
  -pipe   src/radio.c 
  -o  src/radio.o

# #  Compile sx126x.c with GCC
riscv64-unknown-elf-gcc 
  -c 
  -fno-common 
  -Wall 
  -Wstrict-prototypes 
  -Wshadow 
  -Wundef 
  -Os 
  -fno-strict-aliasing 
  -fomit-frame-pointer 
  -fstack-protector-all 
  -ffunction-sections 
  -fdata-sections 
  -g 
  -march=rv32imafc 
  -mabi=ilp32f 
  -mno-relax 
  -isystem " $HOME /nuttx/nuttx/include " 
  -D__NuttX__ 
  -DNDEBUG 
  -DARCH_RISCV  
  -pipe   src/sx126x.c 
  -o  src/sx126x.o

# #  Compile sx126x-nuttx.c with GCC
riscv64-unknown-elf-gcc 
  -c 
  -fno-common 
  -Wall 
  -Wstrict-prototypes 
  -Wshadow 
  -Wundef 
  -Os 
  -fno-strict-aliasing 
  -fomit-frame-pointer 
  -fstack-protector-all 
  -ffunction-sections 
  -fdata-sections 
  -g 
  -march=rv32imafc 
  -mabi=ilp32f 
  -mno-relax 
  -isystem " $HOME /nuttx/nuttx/include " 
  -D__NuttX__ 
  -DNDEBUG 
  -DARCH_RISCV  
  -pipe   src/sx126x-nuttx.c 
  -o  src/sx126x-nuttx.o

我们做出这些更改...

• 将riscv64-unknown-elf-gcc更改为zig cc

• 添加目标-target riscv32-freestanding-none -mcpu=baseline_rv32-d

• 删除-march=rv32imafc

我们运行这个...

 # #  LoRa SX1262 Source Directory
cd $HOME /nuttx/nuttx/libs/libsx1262

# #  Compile radio.c with zig cc
zig cc 
  -target riscv32-freestanding-none 
  -mcpu=baseline_rv32-d 
  -c 
  -fno-common 
  -Wall 
  -Wstrict-prototypes 
  -Wshadow 
  -Wundef 
  -Os 
  -fno-strict-aliasing 
  -fomit-frame-pointer 
  -fstack-protector-all 
  -ffunction-sections 
  -fdata-sections 
  -g 
  -mabi=ilp32f 
  -mno-relax 
  -isystem " $HOME /nuttx/nuttx/include " 
  -D__NuttX__ 
  -DNDEBUG 
  -DARCH_RISCV  
  -pipe   src/radio.c 
  -o  src/radio.o

# #  Compile sx126x.c with zig cc
zig cc 
  -target riscv32-freestanding-none 
  -mcpu=baseline_rv32-d 
  -c 
  -fno-common 
  -Wall 
  -Wstrict-prototypes 
  -Wshadow 
  -Wundef 
  -Os 
  -fno-strict-aliasing 
  -fomit-frame-pointer 
  -fstack-protector-all 
  -ffunction-sections 
  -fdata-sections 
  -g 
  -mabi=ilp32f 
  -mno-relax 
  -isystem " $HOME /nuttx/nuttx/include " 
  -D__NuttX__ 
  -DNDEBUG 
  -DARCH_RISCV  
  -pipe   src/sx126x.c 
  -o  src/sx126x.o

# #  Compile sx126x-nuttx.c with zig cc
zig cc 
  -target riscv32-freestanding-none 
  -mcpu=baseline_rv32-d 
  -c 
  -fno-common 
  -Wall 
  -Wstrict-prototypes 
  -Wshadow 
  -Wundef 
  -Os 
  -fno-strict-aliasing 
  -fomit-frame-pointer 
  -fstack-protector-all 
  -ffunction-sections 
  -fdata-sections 
  -g 
  -mabi=ilp32f 
  -mno-relax 
  -isystem " $HOME /nuttx/nuttx/include " 
  -D__NuttX__ 
  -DNDEBUG 
  -DARCH_RISCV  
  -pipe   src/sx126x-nuttx.c 
  -o  src/sx126x-nuttx.o

# #  Link Zig Object Files with NuttX after compiling with `zig cc`
# #  TODO: Change "$HOME/nuttx" to your NuttX Project Directory
cd $HOME /nuttx/nuttx
make

Zig编译器显示这些错误...

 In file included from src/sx126x-nuttx.c:3:
In file included from nuttx/include/debug.h:39:
In file included from nuttx/include/sys/uio.h:45:
nuttx/include/sys/types.h:119:9: error: unknown type name '_size_t'
typedef _size_t      size_t;
        ^
nuttx/include/sys/types.h:120:9: error: unknown type name '_ssize_t'
typedef _ssize_t     ssize_t;
        ^
nuttx/include/sys/types.h:121:9: error: unknown type name '_size_t'
typedef _size_t      rsize_t;
        ^
nuttx/include/sys/types.h:174:9: error: unknown type name '_wchar_t'
typedef _wchar_t     wchar_t;
        ^
In file included from src/sx126x-nuttx.c:4:
In file included from nuttx/include/stdio.h:34:
nuttx/include/nuttx/fs/fs.h:238:20: error: use of undeclared identifier 'NAME_MAX'
  char      parent[NAME_MAX + 1];
                   ^

我们通过包括正确的标头文件来解决此问题...

 #if defined( __NuttX__ ) && defined( __clang__ )  //  Workaround for NuttX with zig cc
#include <arch/types.h>
#include "../../nuttx/include/limits.h"
#endif  //  defined(__NuttX__) && defined(__clang__)

进入这些源文件...

• Radio.C
• SX126X-NUTTX.C
• SX126X.C

（请参阅更改）

我们插入此代码以告诉我们（在运行时）是否与Zig编译器或GCC进行了编译...

 void SX126xIoInit ( void ) {
#ifdef __clang__
#warning Compiled with zig cc
    puts ( "SX126xIoInit: Compiled with zig cc" );
#else
#warning Compiled with gcc
    puts ( "SX126xIoInit: Compiled with gcc" );
#endif  //  __clang__

（来源）

用zig cc编译，Lora SX1262库在Nuttx上运行正常！

 nsh> lorawan_test
SX126xIoInit: Compiled with zig cc
...
###### =========== MLME-Confirm ============ ######
STATUS      : OK
###### ===========   JOINED     ============ ######
OTAA
DevAddr     :  000E268C
DATA RATE   : DR_2
...
###### =========== MCPS-Confirm ============ ######
STATUS      : OK
###### =====   UPLINK FRAME        1   ===== ######
CLASS       : A
TX PORT     : 1
TX DATA     : UNCONFIRMED
48 69 20 4E 75 74 74 58 00
DATA RATE   : DR_3
U/L FREQ    : 923400000
TX POWER    : 0
CHANNEL MASK: 0003

（请参阅完整日志）

lorawan图书馆for nuttx

让我们用Zig编译器编译巨大的Lorawan库。

nuttx像这样编译了洛万库...

 # #  LoRaWAN Source Directory
cd $HOME /nuttx/nuttx/libs/liblorawan

# #  Compile mac/LoRaMac.c with GCC
riscv64-unknown-elf-gcc 
  -c 
  -fno-common 
  -Wall 
  -Wstrict-prototypes 
  -Wshadow 
  -Wundef 
  -Os 
  -fno-strict-aliasing 
  -fomit-frame-pointer 
  -fstack-protector-all 
  -ffunction-sections 
  -fdata-sections 
  -g 
  -march=rv32imafc 
  -mabi=ilp32f 
  -mno-relax 
  -isystem " $HOME /nuttx/nuttx/include " 
  -D__NuttX__ 
  -DNDEBUG 
  -DARCH_RISCV  
  -pipe   src/mac/LoRaMac.c 
  -o  src/mac/LoRaMac.o

我们切换到Zig编译器...

 # #  LoRaWAN Source Directory
cd $HOME /nuttx/nuttx/libs/liblorawan

# #  Compile mac/LoRaMac.c with zig cc
zig cc 
  -target riscv32-freestanding-none 
  -mcpu=baseline_rv32-d 
  -c 
  -fno-common 
  -Wall 
  -Wstrict-prototypes 
  -Wshadow 
  -Wundef 
  -Os 
  -fno-strict-aliasing 
  -fomit-frame-pointer 
  -fstack-protector-all 
  -ffunction-sections 
  -fdata-sections 
  -g 
  -mabi=ilp32f 
  -mno-relax 
  -isystem " $HOME /nuttx/nuttx/include " 
  -D__NuttX__ 
  -DNDEBUG 
  -DARCH_RISCV  
  -pipe   src/mac/LoRaMac.c 
  -o  src/mac/LoRaMac.o

# #  Link Zig Object Files with NuttX after compiling with `zig cc`
# #  TODO: Change "$HOME/nuttx" to your NuttX Project Directory
cd $HOME /nuttx/nuttx
make

我们将正确的标头文件包括到loramac.c ...

 #if defined( __NuttX__ ) && defined( __clang__ )  //  Workaround for NuttX with zig cc
#include <arch/types.h>
#include "../../nuttx/include/limits.h"
#endif  //  defined(__NuttX__) && defined(__clang__)

（请参阅更改）

loramac.c用锯齿形编译器编译确定。

todo：用build.zig在洛万库中编译其他文件

https://ziglang.org/documentation/master/#zig-build-system

托多：测试洛万图书馆

lorawan应用程序for nuttx

现在，我们使用Zig编译器编译Lorawan应用程序Lorawan_test_main.c。

nuttx编译lorawan应用程序lorawan_test_main.c这样...

 # #  App Source Directory
cd $HOME /nuttx/apps/examples/lorawan_test/lorawan_test_main.c

# #  Compile lorawan_test_main.c with GCC
riscv64-unknown-elf-gcc 
  -c 
  -fno-common 
  -Wall 
  -Wstrict-prototypes 
  -Wshadow 
  -Wundef 
  -Os 
  -fno-strict-aliasing 
  -fomit-frame-pointer 
  -fstack-protector-all 
  -ffunction-sections 
  -fdata-sections 
  -g 
  -march=rv32imafc 
  -mabi=ilp32f 
  -mno-relax 
  -isystem " $HOME /nuttx/nuttx/include " 
  -D__NuttX__ 
  -DNDEBUG 
  -DARCH_RISCV  
  -pipe 
  -I " $HOME /nuttx/apps/graphics/lvgl " 
  -I " $HOME /nuttx/apps/graphics/lvgl/lvgl " 
  -I " $HOME /nuttx/apps/include " 
  -Dmain=lorawan_test_main  lorawan_test_main.c 
  -o  lorawan_test_main.c.home.user.nuttx.apps.examples.lorawan_test.o

我们切换到Zig编译器...

 # #  App Source Directory
cd $HOME /nuttx/apps/examples/lorawan_test

# #  Compile lorawan_test_main.c with zig cc
zig cc 
  -target riscv32-freestanding-none 
  -mcpu=baseline_rv32-d 
  -c 
  -fno-common 
  -Wall 
  -Wstrict-prototypes 
  -Wshadow 
  -Wundef 
  -Os 
  -fno-strict-aliasing 
  -fomit-frame-pointer 
  -fstack-protector-all 
  -ffunction-sections 
  -fdata-sections 
  -g 
  -mabi=ilp32f 
  -mno-relax 
  -isystem " $HOME /nuttx/nuttx/include " 
  -D__NuttX__ 
  -DNDEBUG 
  -DARCH_RISCV  
  -pipe 
  -I " $HOME /nuttx/apps/graphics/lvgl " 
  -I " $HOME /nuttx/apps/graphics/lvgl/lvgl " 
  -I " $HOME /nuttx/apps/include " 
  -Dmain=lorawan_test_main  lorawan_test_main.c 
  -o  * lorawan_test.o

# #  Link Zig Object Files with NuttX after compiling with `zig cc`
# #  TODO: Change "$HOME/nuttx" to your NuttX Project Directory
cd $HOME /nuttx/nuttx
make

我们将正确的标头文件包括到lorawan_test_main.c ...

 #if defined( __NuttX__ ) && defined( __clang__ )  //  Workaround for NuttX with zig cc
#include <arch/types.h>
#include "../../nuttx/include/limits.h"
#endif  //  defined(__NuttX__) && defined(__clang__)

（请参阅更改）

Lorawan应用程序与zig cc编译后，在Nuttx上运行正常！

 nsh> lorawan_test
lorawan_test_main: Compiled with zig cc
...
###### =========== MLME-Confirm ============ ######
STATUS      : OK
###### ===========   JOINED     ============ ######
OTAA
DevAddr     :  00DC5ED5
DATA RATE   : DR_2
...
###### =========== MCPS-Confirm ============ ######
STATUS      : OK
###### =====   UPLINK FRAME        1   ===== ######
CLASS       : A
TX PORT     : 1
TX DATA     : UNCONFIRMED
48 69 20 4E 75 74 74 58 00
DATA RATE   : DR_3
U/L FREQ    : 923400000
TX POWER    : 0
CHANNEL MASK: 0003

（请参阅完整日志）

自动翻译Lorawan应用程序到ZIG

ZIG编译器可以将C代码自动变压到ZIG。 （请参阅此）

这是我们自动翻译我们的lorawan应用程序lorawan_test_main.c从C到Zig ...

• 将zig cc更改为zig translate-c

• 通过-cflags包围C标志--

像这样...

 # #  App Source Directory
cd $HOME /nuttx/apps/examples/lorawan_test

# #  Auto-translate lorawan_test_main.c from C to Zig
zig translate-c 
  -target riscv32-freestanding-none 
  -mcpu=baseline_rv32-d 
  -cflags 
    -fno-common 
    -Wall 
    -Wstrict-prototypes 
    -Wshadow 
    -Wundef 
    -Os 
    -fno-strict-aliasing 
    -fomit-frame-pointer 
    -fstack-protector-all 
    -ffunction-sections 
    -fdata-sections 
    -g 
    -mabi=ilp32f 
    -mno-relax 
  -- 
  -isystem " $HOME /nuttx/nuttx/include " 
  -D__NuttX__ 
  -DNDEBUG 
  -DARCH_RISCV  
  -I " $HOME /nuttx/apps/graphics/lvgl " 
  -I " $HOME /nuttx/apps/graphics/lvgl/lvgl " 
  -I " $HOME /nuttx/apps/include " 
  -Dmain=lorawan_test_main  
  lorawan_test_main.c 
  > lorawan_test_main.zig

这是原始C代码：lorawan_test_main.c

以及从C到Zig的自动翻译：翻译/lorawan_test_main.zig

这是原始C代码的片段...

 int main ( int argc , FAR char * argv []) {
#ifdef __clang__
    puts ( "lorawan_test_main: Compiled with zig cc" );
#else
    puts ( "lorawan_test_main: Compiled with gcc" );
#endif  //  __clang__

    //  If we are using Entropy Pool and the BL602 ADC is available,
    //  add the Internal Temperature Sensor data to the Entropy Pool
    init_entropy_pool ();

    //  Compute the interval between transmissions based on Duty Cycle
    TxPeriodicity = APP_TX_DUTYCYCLE + randr ( - APP_TX_DUTYCYCLE_RND , APP_TX_DUTYCYCLE_RND );

    const Version_t appVersion    = { . Value = FIRMWARE_VERSION };
    const Version_t gitHubVersion = { . Value = GITHUB_VERSION };
    DisplayAppInfo ( "lorawan_test" , 
                    & appVersion ,
                    & gitHubVersion );

    //  Init LoRaWAN
    if ( LmHandlerInit ( & LmHandlerCallbacks , & LmHandlerParams ) != LORAMAC_HANDLER_SUCCESS )
    {
        printf ( "LoRaMac wasn't properly initializedn" );
        //  Fatal error, endless loop.
        while ( 1 ) {}
    }

    // Set system maximum tolerated rx error in milliseconds
    LmHandlerSetSystemMaxRxError ( 20 );

    // The LoRa-Alliance Compliance protocol package should always be initialized and activated.
    LmHandlerPackageRegister ( PACKAGE_ID_COMPLIANCE , & LmhpComplianceParams );
    LmHandlerPackageRegister ( PACKAGE_ID_CLOCK_SYNC , NULL );
    LmHandlerPackageRegister ( PACKAGE_ID_REMOTE_MCAST_SETUP , NULL );
    LmHandlerPackageRegister ( PACKAGE_ID_FRAGMENTATION , & FragmentationParams );

    IsClockSynched     = false;
    IsFileTransferDone = false;

    //  Join the LoRaWAN Network
    LmHandlerJoin ( );

    //  Set the Transmit Timer
    StartTxProcess ( LORAMAC_HANDLER_TX_ON_TIMER );

    //  Handle LoRaWAN Events
    handle_event_queue ( NULL );  //  Never returns

    return 0 ;
}

（来源）

和自动翻译的曲折代码...

 pub export fn lorawan_test_main ( arg_argc : c_int , arg_argv : [ * c ][ * c ] u8 ) c_int {
    var argc = arg_argc ;
    _ = argc ;
    var argv = arg_argv ;
    _ = argv ;
    _ = puts ( "lorawan_test_main: Compiled with zig cc" );
    init_entropy_pool ();
    TxPeriodicity = @bitCast ( u32 , @as ( c_int , 40000 ) + randr ( - @as ( c_int , 5000 ), @as ( c_int , 5000 )));
    const appVersion : Version_t = Version_t {
        . Value = @bitCast ( u32 , @as ( c_int , 16908288 )),
    };
    const gitHubVersion : Version_t = Version_t {
        . Value = @bitCast ( u32 , @as ( c_int , 83886080 )),
    };
    DisplayAppInfo ( "lorawan_test" , & appVersion , & gitHubVersion );
    if ( LmHandlerInit ( & LmHandlerCallbacks , & LmHandlerParams ) != LORAMAC_HANDLER_SUCCESS ) {
        _ = printf ( "LoRaMac wasn't properly initialized n " );
        while ( true ) {}
    }
    _ = LmHandlerSetSystemMaxRxError ( @bitCast ( u32 , @as ( c_int , 20 )));
    _ = LmHandlerPackageRegister ( @bitCast ( u8 , @truncate ( i8 , @as ( c_int , 0 ))), @ptrCast ( ? * anyopaque , & LmhpComplianceParams ));
    _ = LmHandlerPackageRegister ( @bitCast ( u8 , @truncate ( i8 , @as ( c_int , 1 ))), @intToPtr ( ? * anyopaque , @as ( c_int , 0 )));
    _ = LmHandlerPackageRegister ( @bitCast ( u8 , @truncate ( i8 , @as ( c_int , 2 ))), @intToPtr ( ? * anyopaque , @as ( c_int , 0 )));
    _ = LmHandlerPackageRegister ( @bitCast ( u8 , @truncate ( i8 , @as ( c_int , 3 ))), @ptrCast ( ? * anyopaque , & FragmentationParams ));
    IsClockSynched = @as ( c_int , 0 ) != 0 ;
    IsFileTransferDone = @as ( c_int , 0 ) != 0 ;
    LmHandlerJoin ();
    StartTxProcess ( @bitCast ( c_uint , LORAMAC_HANDLER_TX_ON_TIMER ));
    handle_event_queue ( @intToPtr ( ? * anyopaque , @as ( c_int , 0 )));
    return 0 ;
}

（来源）

当我们手动将Lorawan应用程序lorawan_test_main.c从C到Zig中的lorawan应用程序在下一部分...

pine64 pinedio stack bl604（左）说话的洛拉万与rakwireless wisgate（右）

将Lorawan应用程序转换为Zig

最后，我们将lorawan应用程序lorawan_test_main.c从C转换为ZIG，以表明我们可以在Zig中构建复杂的物联网应用程序。

Lorawan应用程序在Pinedio Stack BL604（RISC-V）上运行。该应用程序连接到Lorawan网关（例如Chirpstack或Things Network），并定期发送数据包。

这是原始C代码：lorawan_test_main.c

（700行C代码）

和我们转换后的Lorawan Zig应用程序：Lorawan_test.zig

（673条曲折代码）

 /// Import the LoRaWAN Library from C
const c = @cImport ({
    // NuttX Defines
    @cDefine ( "__NuttX__" ,  "" );
    @cDefine ( "NDEBUG" ,     "" );
    @cDefine ( "ARCH_RISCV" , "" );

    // Workaround for "Unable to translate macro: undefined identifier `LL`"
    @cDefine ( "LL" , "" );
    @cDefine ( "__int_c_join(a, b)" , "a" );  //  Bypass zig/lib/include/stdint.h

    // NuttX Header Files
    @cInclude ( "arch/types.h" );
    @cInclude ( "../../nuttx/include/limits.h" );
    @cInclude ( "stdio.h" );

    // LoRaWAN Header Files
    @cInclude ( "firmwareVersion.h" );
    @cInclude ( "../libs/liblorawan/src/apps/LoRaMac/common/githubVersion.h" );
    @cInclude ( "../libs/liblorawan/src/boards/utilities.h" );
    @cInclude ( "../libs/liblorawan/src/mac/region/RegionCommon.h" );
    @cInclude ( "../libs/liblorawan/src/apps/LoRaMac/common/Commissioning.h" );
    @cInclude ( "../libs/liblorawan/src/apps/LoRaMac/common/LmHandler/LmHandler.h" );
    @cInclude ( "../libs/liblorawan/src/apps/LoRaMac/common/LmHandler/packages/LmhpCompliance.h" );
    @cInclude ( "../libs/liblorawan/src/apps/LoRaMac/common/LmHandler/packages/LmhpClockSync.h" );
    @cInclude ( "../libs/liblorawan/src/apps/LoRaMac/common/LmHandler/packages/LmhpRemoteMcastSetup.h" );
    @cInclude ( "../libs/liblorawan/src/apps/LoRaMac/common/LmHandler/packages/LmhpFragmentation.h" );
    @cInclude ( "../libs/liblorawan/src/apps/LoRaMac/common/LmHandlerMsgDisplay.h" );
});

//  Main Function that will be called by NuttX
pub export fn lorawan_test_main (
    _argc : c_int , 
    _argv : [ * ] const [ * ] const u8
) c_int {
    //  Call the LoRaWAN Library to set system maximum tolerated rx error in milliseconds
    _ = c . LmHandlerSetSystemMaxRxError ( 20 );

    //  TODO: Call the LoRaWAN Library to Join LoRaWAN Network
    //  and send a Data Packet

编译Lorawan Zig应用程序Lorawan_test.zig ...

 # #  Download our LoRaWAN Zig App for NuttX
git clone --recursive https://github.com/lupyuen/zig-bl602-nuttx
cd zig-bl602-nuttx

# #  Compile the Zig App for BL602 (RV32IMACF with Hardware Floating-Point)
zig build-obj 
  --verbose-cimport 
  -target riscv32-freestanding-none 
  -mcpu=baseline_rv32-d 
  -isystem " $HOME /nuttx/nuttx/include " 
  -I " $HOME /nuttx/apps/examples/lorawan_test " 
  lorawan_test.zig

# #  Patch the ELF Header of `lorawan_test.o` from Soft-Float ABI to Hard-Float ABI
xxd -c 1 lorawan_test.o 
  | sed ' s/00000024: 01/00000024: 03/ ' 
  | xxd -r -c 1 - lorawan_test2.o
cp lorawan_test2.o lorawan_test.o

# #  Copy the compiled app to NuttX and overwrite `lorawan_test.o`
# #  TODO: Change "$HOME/nuttx" to your NuttX Project Directory
cp lorawan_test.o $HOME /nuttx/apps/examples/lorawan_test/ * lorawan_test.o

# #  Build NuttX to link the Zig Object from `lorawan_test.o`
# #  TODO: Change "$HOME/nuttx" to your NuttX Project Directory
cd $HOME /nuttx/nuttx
make

我们的lorawan Zig应用Lorawan_test.zig在进行以下修复后与Zig编译器一起编译了确定...

请参阅自动翻译的曲折代码

Lorawan Zig App的某些部分Lorawan_test.zig可能会从C转换为Zig，例如此C代码...

 //  Original C code...
#define APP_TX_DUTYCYCLE     40000
#define APP_TX_DUTYCYCLE_RND  5000

uint32_t TxPeriodicity = 
    APP_TX_DUTYCYCLE +
    randr ( 
        - APP_TX_DUTYCYCLE_RND , 
        APP_TX_DUTYCYCLE_RND
    );

（来源）

具有冲突的签名（ randr ）和未签名（ APP_TX_DUTYCYCLE ）类型。

我们通过参考自动翻译曲折代码获得帮助：translated/lorawan_test_main.zig

 //  Converted from C to Zig...
const APP_TX_DUTYCYCLE :     c_int = 40000 ;
const APP_TX_DUTYCYCLE_RND : c_int = 5000 ;

//  Cast to u32 because randr() can be negative
var TxPeriodicity : u32 = @bitCast ( u32 ,
    APP_TX_DUTYCYCLE +
    c . randr (
        - APP_TX_DUTYCYCLE_RND ,
        APP_TX_DUTYCYCLE_RND
    )
);

通过将签名结果施放到未签名中来解决冲突类型。

不透明类型错误

当我们在Lorawan Zig App lorawan_test.zig中引用LmHandlerCallbacks时...

    _ = & LmHandlerCallbacks ;

Zig编译器将显示此不透明的类型错误...

 zig-cache/o/d4d456612514c342a153a8d34fbf5970/cimport.zig:1353:5: error: opaque types have unknown size and therefore cannot be directly embedded in unions
    Fields: struct_sInfoFields,
    ^
zig-cache/o/d4d456612514c342a153a8d34fbf5970/cimport.zig:1563:5: note: while checking this field
    PingSlot: PingSlotInfo_t,
    ^
zig-cache/o/d4d456612514c342a153a8d34fbf5970/cimport.zig:1579:5: note: while checking this field
    PingSlotInfo: MlmeReqPingSlotInfo_t,
    ^
zig-cache/o/d4d456612514c342a153a8d34fbf5970/cimport.zig:1585:5: note: while checking this field
    Req: union_uMlmeParam,
    ^
zig-cache/o/d4d456612514c342a153a8d34fbf5970/cimport.zig:2277:5: note: while checking this field
    OnMacMlmeRequest: ?fn (LoRaMacStatus_t, [*c]MlmeReq_t, TimerTime_t) callconv(.C) void,
    ^

不透明类型错误在这里说明...

• “用Zig扩展C/C ++项目”

• “翻译失败”

让我们通过不透明的类型错误跟踪...

 export fn OnMacMlmeRequest (
    status : c.LoRaMacStatus_t ,
    mlmeReq : [ * c ] c.MlmeReq_t , 
    nextTxIn : c . TimerTime_t
) void {
    c . DisplayMacMlmeRequestUpdate ( status , mlmeReq , nextTxIn );
}

我们的函数OnMacMlmeRequest具有MlmeReq_t类型的参数，由Zig Compiler自动输入为...

 pub const MlmeReq_t = struct_sMlmeReq ;

pub const struct_sMlmeReq = extern struct {
    Type : Mlme_t ,
    Req : union_uMlmeParam ,
    ReqReturn : RequestReturnParam_t ,
};

其中包含另一个自动象征类型的union_uMlmeParam ...

 pub const union_uMlmeParam = extern union {
    Join : MlmeReqJoin_t ,
    TxCw : MlmeReqTxCw_t ,
    PingSlotInfo : MlmeReqPingSlotInfo_t ,
    DeriveMcKEKey : MlmeReqDeriveMcKEKey_t ,
    DeriveMcSessionKeyPair : MlmeReqDeriveMcSessionKeyPair_t ,
};

其中包含MlmeReqPingSlotInfo_t ...

 pub const MlmeReqPingSlotInfo_t = struct_sMlmeReqPingSlotInfo ;

pub const struct_sMlmeReqPingSlotInfo = extern struct {
    PingSlot : PingSlotInfo_t ,
};

其中包含一个PingSlotInfo_t ...

 pub const PingSlotInfo_t = union_uPingSlotInfo ;

pub const union_uPingSlotInfo = extern union {
    Value : u8 ,
    Fields : struct_sInfoFields ,
};

其中包含一个struct_sInfoFields ...

 pub const struct_sInfoFields = opaque {};

但是ZIG编译器不知道struct_sInfoFields的字段！

如果我们参考原始C代码...

 typedef union uPingSlotInfo
{
    /*!
     * Parameter for byte access
     */
    uint8_t Value ;
    /*!
     * Structure containing the parameters for the PingSlotInfoReq
     */
    struct sInfoFields
    {
        /*!
         * Periodicity = 0: ping slot every second
         * Periodicity = 7: ping slot every 128 seconds
         */
        uint8_t Periodicity     : 3 ;
        /*!
         * RFU
         */
        uint8_t RFU             : 5 ;
    } Fields ;
} PingSlotInfo_t ;

（来源）

我们看到sInfoFields包含位字段，即曲折编译器无法翻译。

修复不透明类型

早些时候，我们发现这无法在我们的lorawan Zig应用程序lorawan_test.zig中编译。

    _ = & LmHandlerCallbacks ;

这是因为LmHandlerCallbacks引用了自动成像类型MlmeReq_t ，其中包含位字段，无法由Zig编译器翻译。

让我们将MlmeReq_t转换为不透明的类型，因为无论如何我们都不会访问字段...

 /// We use an Opaque Type to represent MLME Request, because it contains Bit Fields that can't be converted by Zig
const MlmeReq_t = opaque {};

（来源）

我们将LmHandlerCallbacks转换为使用我们的不透明类型MlmeReq_t ...

 /// Handler Callbacks. Adapted from 
/// https://github.com/lupyuen/zig-bl602-nuttx/blob/main/translated/lorawan_test_main.zig#L2818-L2833
pub const LmHandlerCallbacks_t = extern struct {
    GetBatteryLevel : ? fn () callconv ( .C ) u8 ,
    GetTemperature : ? fn () callconv ( .C ) f32 ,
    GetRandomSeed : ? fn () callconv ( .C ) u32 ,
    OnMacProcess : ? fn () callconv ( .C ) void ,
    OnNvmDataChange : ? fn ( c.LmHandlerNvmContextStates_t , u16 ) callconv ( .C ) void ,
    OnNetworkParametersChange : ? fn ([ * c ] c.CommissioningParams_t ) callconv ( .C ) void ,
    OnMacMcpsRequest : ? fn ( c.LoRaMacStatus_t , [ * c ] c.McpsReq_t , c.TimerTime_t ) callconv ( .C ) void ,
    /// Changed `[*c]c.MlmeReq_t` to `*MlmeReq_t`
    OnMacMlmeRequest : ? fn ( c.LoRaMacStatus_t , * MlmeReq_t , c.TimerTime_t ) callconv ( .C ) void ,
    OnJoinRequest : ? fn ([ * c ] c.LmHandlerJoinParams_t ) callconv ( .C ) void ,
    OnTxData : ? fn ([ * c ] c.LmHandlerTxParams_t ) callconv ( .C ) void ,
    OnRxData : ? fn ([ * c ] c.LmHandlerAppData_t , [ * c ] c.LmHandlerRxParams_t ) callconv ( .C ) void ,
    OnClassChange : ? fn ( c.DeviceClass_t ) callconv ( .C ) void ,
    OnBeaconStatusChange : ? fn ([ * c ] c.LoRaMacHandlerBeaconParams_t ) callconv ( .C ) void ,
    OnSysTimeUpdate : ? fn ( bool , i32 ) callconv ( .C ) void ,
};

（来源）

MlmeReq_t从...

[ * c ] c . MlmeReq_t

对于我们不透明的类型...

 * MlmeReq_t

我们还更改LmHandlerCallbacks_t ...

[ * c ] c . LmHandlerCallbacks_t

转换为转换的LmHandlerCallbacks_t ...

 * LmHandlerCallbacks_t

这意味着我们需要自己进口受影响的洛拉万的功能...

 /// Changed `[*c]c.MlmeReq_t` to `*MlmeReq_t`. Adapted from
/// https://github.com/lupyuen/zig-bl602-nuttx/blob/main/translated/lorawan_test_main.zig#L2905
extern fn DisplayMacMlmeRequestUpdate (
    status : c.LoRaMacStatus_t , 
    mlmeReq : * MlmeReq_t , 
    nextTxIn : c . TimerTime_t
) void ;

/// Changed `[*c]c.LmHandlerCallbacks_t` to `*LmHandlerCallbacks_t`. Adapted from
/// https://github.com/lupyuen/zig-bl602-nuttx/blob/main/translated/lorawan_test_main.zig#L2835
extern fn LmHandlerInit (
    callbacks : * LmHandlerCallbacks_t , 
    handlerParams : [ * c ] c . LmHandlerParams_t
) c.LmHandlerErrorStatus_t ;

（来源）

修复了不透明类型后，Zig编译器成功地编译了我们的Lorawan Test应用程序Lorawan_test.zig yay！

宏错误

在编译Lorawan测试应用Lorawan_test.zig时，我们看到了此宏错误...

 zig-cache/o/23409ceec9a6e6769c416fde1695882f/cimport.zig:2904:32: 
error: unable to translate macro: undefined identifier `LL`
pub const __INT64_C_SUFFIX__ = @compileError("unable to translate macro: undefined identifier `LL`"); 
// (no file):178:9

根据Zig Docs的说法，这意味着Zig编译器未能翻译一个宏...

• “ C宏”

所以我们自己定义LL ...

 /// Import the LoRaWAN Library from C
const c = @cImport ({
    // Workaround for "Unable to translate macro: undefined identifier `LL`"
    @cDefine ( "LL" , "" );

（ LL是C常量的“长”后缀，当我们将C类型和功能导入Zig时，可能不需要）

然后Zig编译器发出此错误...

 zig-cache/o/83fc6cf7a78f5781f258f156f891554b/cimport.zig:2940:26: 
error: unable to translate C expr: unexpected token '##'
pub const __int_c_join = @compileError("unable to translate C expr: unexpected token '##'"); 
// /home/user/zig-linux-x86_64-0.10.0-dev.2351+b64a1d5ab/lib/include/stdint.h:282:9

它指的是stdint.h ...

 #define __int_c_join ( a , b ) a ## b

__int_c_join宏失败，因为LL后缀现在为空白，并且## Concatenation Operator失败。

我们重新定义了__int_c_join宏，而无需##串联操作员...

 /// Import the LoRaWAN Library from C
const c = @cImport ({
    // Workaround for "Unable to translate macro: undefined identifier `LL`"
    @cDefine ( "LL" , "" );
    @cDefine ( "__int_c_join(a, b)" , "a" );  //  Bypass zig/lib/include/stdint.h

现在，Zig编译器成功编译了我们的Lorawan测试应用Lorawan_test.zig

结构初始化误差

Zig编译器试图在启动时初始化计时器结构时崩溃...

 /// Timer to handle the application data transmission duty cycle
var TxTimer : c.TimerEvent_t = 
    std . mem . zeroes ( c . TimerEvent_t );

// Zig Compiler crashes with...
// TODO buf_write_value_bytes maybe typethread 11512 panic:
// Unable to dump stack trace: debug info stripped

（来源）

因此，我们在主函数中初始化计时器结构...

 /// Timer to handle the application data transmission duty cycle.
/// Init the timer in Main Function.
var TxTimer : c.TimerEvent_t = undefined ;

/// Main Function
pub export fn lorawan_test_main (
    _argc : c_int , 
    _argv : [ * ] const [ * ] const u8
) c_int {
    // Init the Timer Struct at startup
    TxTimer = std . mem . zeroes ( c . TimerEvent_t );

（来源）

Lorawan Zig应用程序运行正常！

解决上述问题后，我们在Nuttx上测试Lorawan Zig应用程序：lorawan_test.zig

 nsh> lorawan_test
Application name   : Zig LoRaWAN Test
...
###### =========== MLME-Confirm ============ ######
STATUS      : OK
###### ===========   JOINED     ============ ######
OTAA
DevAddr     :  00D803AB
DATA RATE   : DR_2
...
PrepareTxFrame: Transmit to LoRaWAN (9 bytes): Hi NuttX
###### =========== MCPS-Confirm ============ ######
STATUS      : OK
###### =====   UPLINK FRAME        1   ===== ######
CLASS       : A
TX PORT     : 1
TX DATA     : UNCONFIRMED
48 69 20 4E 75 74 74 58 00
DATA RATE   : DR_3
U/L FREQ    : 923200000
TX POWER    : 0
CHANNEL MASK: 0003

（请参阅完整日志）

Lorawan Zig App Lorawan_test.zig成功加入了Lorawan Network（Rakwireless Wisgate上的Chirpstack），并将数据包发送到Lorawan Gateway yay！

安全检查

自动翻译我们的C代码到ZIG时，ZIG编译器会揭示有趣的见解。

该C代码复制一个数组，字节由字节...

 static int8_t FragDecoderWrite ( uint32_t addr , uint8_t * data , uint32_t size ) {
    ...
    for ( uint32_t i = 0 ; i < size ; i ++ ) {
        UnfragmentedData [ addr + i ] = data [ i ];
    }
    return 0 ; // Success
}

（来源）

这是自动翻译的曲折代码...

 pub fn FragDecoderWrite ( arg_addr : u32 , arg_data : [ * c ] u8 , arg_size : u32 ) callconv ( .C ) i8 {
    ...
    var size = arg_size ;
    var i : u32 = 0 ;
    while ( i < size ) : ( i +%= 1 ) {
        UnfragmentedData [ addr +% i ] = data [ i ];
    }
    return 0 ;
}

（来源）

请注意，阵列索引在C ...

 //  Array Indexing in C...
UnfragmentedData [ addr + i ]

在Zig中翻译成这个...

 //  Array Indexing in Zig...
UnfragmentedData [ addr +% i ]

+在c中变为+% ！

曲折的+%是什么？

那是环绕式添加的曲折操作员。

这意味着如果添加溢出整数，则结果可以回到0（及以后）。

但这不是我们想要的，因为我们不希望增加溢出。这就是为什么在我们的最终转换曲折代码中，我们将+%恢复为+ ...

 export fn FragDecoderWrite ( addr : u32 , data : [ * c ] u8 , size : u32 ) i8 {
    ...
    var i : u32 = 0 ;
    while ( i < size ) : ( i += 1 ) {
        UnfragmentedData [ addr + i ] = data [ i ];
    }
    return 0 ; // Success
}

（来源）

如果增加溢出会怎样？

我们将看到一个运行时错误...

 panic: integer overflow

（来源）

这可能是一件好事，以确保我们的价值观明智。

如果我们的数组索引超出了界限怎么办？

我们将获得此运行时错误...

 panic: index out of bounds

（来源）

这是Zig在运行时完成的安全检查列表...

• “不确定的行为”

如果我们宁愿鲁ck生活，这就是我们禁用安全检查的方式...

• “ @setR​​untimesAfety”

恐慌处理程序

一些调试功能似乎无法正常工作？像unreachable std.debug.assert和std.debug.panic一样？

这是因为对于嵌入式平台，我们需要实施自己的恐慌处理程序...

• “使用ZIG在裸骨操作系统上为内核恐慌提供堆栈痕迹”

• 默认恐慌处理程序： std.debug.default_panic

有了我们自己的恐慌处理程序，这种断言失败...

 //  Create a short alias named `assert`
const assert = std . debug . assert ;

//  Assertion Failure
assert ( TxPeriodicity != 0 );

将显示此堆栈跟踪...

 !ZIG PANIC!
reached unreachable code
Stack Trace:
0x23016394
0x23016ce0

根据我们的RISC-V拆卸，第一个地址23016394看起来并不有趣，因为它在assert功能内...

 /home/user/zig-linux-x86_64-0.10.0-dev.2351+b64a1d5ab/lib/std/debug.zig:259
pub fn assert(ok: bool) void {
2301637c:	00b51c63          	bne	a0,a1,23016394 <std.debug.assert+0x2c>
23016380:	a009                j	23016382 <std.debug.assert+0x1a>
23016382:	2307e537          	lui	a0,0x2307e
23016386:	f9850513          	addi	a0,a0,-104 # 2307df98 <__unnamed_4>
2301638a:	4581                li	a1,0
2301638c:	00000097          	auipc	ra,0x0
23016390:	f3c080e7          	jalr	-196(ra) # 230162c8 <panic>
    if (!ok) unreachable; // assertion failure
23016394:	a009                j	23016396 <std.debug.assert+0x2e>

但是第二个地址23016ce0揭示了失败的断言...

 /home/user/nuttx/zig-bl602-nuttx/lorawan_test.zig:95
    assert(TxPeriodicity != 0);
23016ccc:	42013537          	lui	a0,0x42013
23016cd0:	fbc52503          	lw	a0,-68(a0) # 42012fbc <TxPeriodicity>
23016cd4:	00a03533          	snez	a0,a0
23016cd8:	fffff097          	auipc	ra,0xfffff
23016cdc:	690080e7          	jalr	1680(ra) # 23016368 <std.debug.assert>
/home/user/nuttx/zig-bl602-nuttx/lorawan_test.zig:100
    TxTimer = std.mem.zeroes(c.TimerEvent_t);
23016ce0:	42016537          	lui	a0,0x42016

这是我们的Zig恐慌处理程序的实施...

 /// Called by Zig when it hits a Panic. We print the Panic Message, Stack Trace and halt. See 
/// https://andrewkelley.me/post/zig-stack-traces-kernel-panic-bare-bones-os.html
/// https://github.com/ziglang/zig/blob/master/lib/std/builtin.zig#L763-L847
pub fn panic (
    message : [] const u8 , 
    _stack_trace : ? * std . builtin . StackTrace
) noreturn {
    // Print the Panic Message
    _ = _stack_trace ;
    _ = puts ( " n !ZIG PANIC!" );
    _ = puts ( @ptrCast ([ * c ] const u8 , message ));

    // Print the Stack Trace
    _ = puts ( "Stack Trace:" );
    var it = std . debug . StackIterator . init ( @returnAddress (), null );
    while ( it . next ()) | return_address | {
        _ = printf ( "%p n " , return_address );
    }

    // Halt
    while ( true ) {}
}

（来源）

记录

我们已经实施了在此处描述的debug记录std.log.debug ...

• “简单概述了Zig的std.log”

这是我们调用std.log.debug打印日志消息的方式...

 //  Create a short alias named `debug`
const debug  = std . log . debug ;

//  Message with 8 bytes
const msg : [] const u8 = "Hi NuttX" ;

//  Print the message
debug ( "Transmit to LoRaWAN ({} bytes): {s}" , .{ 
    msg . len , msg 
});

// Prints: Transmit to LoRaWAN (8 bytes): Hi NuttX

.{ ... }创建一个匿名结构，其中具有可变数量的参数，该参数将传递给std.log.debug进行打印。

以下是我们实施std.log.debug ...

 /// Called by Zig for `std.log.debug`, `std.log.info`, `std.log.err`, ...
/// https://gist.github.com/leecannon/d6f5d7e5af5881c466161270347ce84d
pub fn log (
    comptime _message_level : std.log.Level ,
    comptime _scope : @Type ( .EnumLiteral ),
    comptime format : [] const u8 ,
    args : anytype ,
) void {
    _ = _message_level ;
    _ = _scope ;

    // Format the message
    var buf : [ 100 ] u8 = undefined ;  // Limit to 100 chars
    var slice = std . fmt . bufPrint ( & buf , format , args )
        catch { _ = puts ( "*** log error: buf too small" ); return ; };
    
    // Terminate the formatted message with a null
    var buf2 : [ buf . len + 1 : 0 ] u8 = undefined ;
    std . mem . copy (
        u8 , 
        buf2 [0 .. slice . len ], 
        slice [0 .. slice . len ]
    );
    buf2 [ slice . len ] = 0 ;

    // Print the formatted message
    _ = puts ( & buf2 );
}

（来源）

此实现调用puts() ，它由apache nuttx rtos支持，因为它是符合posix的。

比较C和Zig

原始的C代码和我们Lorawan应用程序的转换后的曲折代码看起来非常相似。

这是我们原始C代码的主要功能...

 /// Main Function that will be called by NuttX. We call the LoRaWAN Library 
/// to Join a LoRaWAN Network and send a Data Packet.
int main ( int argc , FAR char * argv []) {
    //  If we are using Entropy Pool and the BL602 ADC is available,
    //  add the Internal Temperature Sensor data to the Entropy Pool
    init_entropy_pool ();

    //  Compute the interval between transmissions based on Duty Cycle
    TxPeriodicity = APP_TX_DUTYCYCLE + randr ( - APP_TX_DUTYCYCLE_RND , APP_TX_DUTYCYCLE_RND );

    const Version_t appVersion    = { . Value = FIRMWARE_VERSION };
    const Version_t gitHubVersion = { . Value = GITHUB_VERSION };
    DisplayAppInfo ( "lorawan_test" , 
                    & appVersion ,
                    & gitHubVersion );

    //  Init LoRaWAN
    if ( LmHandlerInit ( & LmHandlerCallbacks , & LmHandlerParams ) != LORAMAC_HANDLER_SUCCESS )
    {
        printf ( "LoRaMac wasn't properly initializedn" );
        //  Fatal error, endless loop.
        while ( 1 ) {}
    }

    // Set system maximum tolerated rx error in milliseconds
    LmHandlerSetSystemMaxRxError ( 20 );

    // The LoRa-Alliance Compliance protocol package should always be initialized and activated.
    LmHandlerPackageRegister ( PACKAGE_ID_COMPLIANCE , & LmhpComplianceParams );
    LmHandlerPackageRegister ( PACKAGE_ID_CLOCK_SYNC , NULL );
    LmHandlerPackageRegister ( PACKAGE_ID_REMOTE_MCAST_SETUP , NULL );
    LmHandlerPackageRegister ( PACKAGE_ID_FRAGMENTATION , & FragmentationParams );

    IsClockSynched     = false;
    IsFileTransferDone = false;

    //  Join the LoRaWAN Network
    LmHandlerJoin ( );

    //  Set the Transmit Timer
    StartTxProcess ( LORAMAC_HANDLER_TX_ON_TIMER );

    //  Handle LoRaWAN Events
    handle_event_queue ( NULL );  //  Never returns

    return 0 ;
}

（来源）

以及我们转换后的曲折代码的主要功能（在擦洗后）...

 /// Main Function that will be called by NuttX. We call the LoRaWAN Library 
/// to Join a LoRaWAN Network and send a Data Packet.
pub export fn lorawan_test_main (
    _argc : c_int , 
    _argv : [ * ] const [ * ] const u8
) c_int {
    _ = _argc ;
    _ = _argv ;

    // Init the Timer Struct at startup
    TxTimer = std . mem . zeroes ( c . TimerEvent_t );

    // If we are using Entropy Pool and the BL602 ADC is available,
    // add the Internal Temperature Sensor data to the Entropy Pool
    // TODO: init_entropy_pool();

    // Compute the interval between transmissions based on Duty Cycle
    TxPeriodicity = @bitCast ( u32 ,  // Cast to u32 because randr() can be negative
        APP_TX_DUTYCYCLE +
        c . randr (
            - APP_TX_DUTYCYCLE_RND ,
            APP_TX_DUTYCYCLE_RND
        )
    );

    // Show the Firmware and GitHub Versions
    const appVersion = c.Version_t {
        . Value = c . FIRMWARE_VERSION ,
    };
    const gitHubVersion = c.Version_t {
        . Value = c . GITHUB_VERSION ,
    };
    c . DisplayAppInfo ( "Zig LoRaWAN Test" , & appVersion , & gitHubVersion );

    // Init LoRaWAN
    if ( LmHandlerInit ( & LmHandlerCallbacks , & LmHandlerParams )
        != c . LORAMAC_HANDLER_SUCCESS ) {
        std . log . err ( "LoRaMac wasn't properly initialized" , .{});
        // Fatal error, endless loop.
        while ( true ) {}
    }

    // Set system maximum tolerated rx error in milliseconds
    _ = c . LmHandlerSetSystemMaxRxError ( 20 );

    // The LoRa-Alliance Compliance protocol package should always be initialized and activated.
    _ = c . LmHandlerPackageRegister ( c . PACKAGE_ID_COMPLIANCE ,         & LmhpComplianceParams );
    _ = c . LmHandlerPackageRegister ( c . PACKAGE_ID_CLOCK_SYNC ,         null );
    _ = c . LmHandlerPackageRegister ( c . PACKAGE_ID_REMOTE_MCAST_SETUP , null );
    _ = c . LmHandlerPackageRegister ( c . PACKAGE_ID_FRAGMENTATION ,      & FragmentationParams );

    // Init the Clock Sync and File Transfer status
    IsClockSynched     = false ;
    IsFileTransferDone = false ;

    // Join the LoRaWAN Network
    c . LmHandlerJoin ();

    // Set the Transmit Timer
    StartTxProcess ( LmHandlerTxEvents_t . LORAMAC_HANDLER_TX_ON_TIMER );

    // Handle LoRaWAN Events
    handle_event_queue ();  //  Never returns

    return 0 ;
}

（来源）

TODO：清理类型，功能和变量的名称

TODO：阅读内部温度传感器

TODO：用Tinycbor编码温度传感器数据并传输到事物网络

https://lupyuen.github.io/articles/cbor2

TODO：使用Prometheus和Grafana监视传感器数据

https://lupyuen.github.io/articles/prometheus

todo： @import()添加新代码

https://zig.news/mattnite/import-and-packages-23mb

TODO：导出到C时，我们是否需要将缓冲区与32位保持一致？

 /// User application data
/// (Aligned to 32-bit because it's exported to C)
var AppDataBuffer : [ LORAWAN_APP_DATA_BUFFER_MAX_SIZE ] u8 align ( 4 ) = 
    std . mem . zeroes ([ LORAWAN_APP_DATA_BUFFER_MAX_SIZE ] u8 );

ZIG类型反射

Zig类型反射...我们可以使用它来为C库生成结构化的调用图...就像洛拉万库一样吗？ ？

该Zig程序从C导入Lorawan库，并抛弃Lorawan类型和功能...

 // Do Type Reflection on the imported C functions
fn reflect () void {
    // We run this at Compile-Time (instead of Runtime)...
    comptime {
        // Allow Zig Compiler to loop up to 100,000 times (Default is 1,000)
        @setEvalBranchQuota ( 100_000 );

        // Get the Type Info of the C Namespace
        const T = @typeInfo ( c );

        // Show the Type Info of the C Namespace (Struct)
        @compileLog ( "@typeInfo(c): " , T );
        // Shows | *"@typeInfo(c): ", std.builtin.Type { .Struct = (struct std.builtin.Type.Struct constant)}

        // Show the number of Fields in the C Namespace (0)
        @compileLog ( "T.Struct.fields.len: " , T . Struct . fields . len );
        // Shows | *"T.Struct.fields.len: ", 0

        // Show the number of Declarations in the C Namespace (4743)
        @compileLog ( "T.Struct.decls.len: " , T . Struct . decls . len );
        // Shows | *"T.Struct.decls.len: ", 4743

        // Show the first Declaration in the C Namespace (__builtin_bswap16)
        @compileLog ( "T.Struct.decls[0].name: " , T . Struct . decls [ 0 ]. name );
        // Shows | *"T.Struct.decls[0].name: ", "__builtin_bswap16"

        // For every C Declaration...
        for ( T . Struct . decls ) | decl , i | {
            // If the C Declaration starts with "Lm" (LoRaMAC)...
            if ( std . mem . startsWith ( u8 , decl . name , "Lm" )) {
                // Dump the C Declaration
                var T2 = @typeInfo ( c );
                @compileLog ( "decl.name: " , T2 . Struct . decls [ i ]. name );

                // Strangely we can't do this...
                //   @compileLog("decl.name: ", decl.name);
                // Because it shows...
                //   *"decl.name: ", []const u8{76,109,110,83,116,97,116,117,115,95,116}
            }
        }

    }   // End of Compile-Time Code
}

（来源）

（ @typeInfo在这里解释）

当Zig编译器编译上面的代码时，我们会在编译时看到这一点...

 $ zig build-obj --verbose-cimport -target riscv32-freestanding-none -mcpu=baseline_rv32-d -isystem /Users/Luppy/pinecone/nuttx/nuttx/include -I /Users/Luppy/pinecone/nuttx/apps/examples/lorawan_test reflect.zig
info(compilation): C import output: zig-cache/o/e979b806463a36dcecc2ef773bd2d2ad/cimport.zig
| *"@typeInfo(c): ", std.builtin.Type { .Struct = (struct std.builtin.Type.Struct constant)}
| *"T.Struct.fields.len: ", 0
| *"T.Struct.decls.len: ", 4744
| *"T.Struct.decls[0].name: ", "__builtin_bswap16"
| *"decl.name: ", "LmnStatus_t"
| *"decl.name: ", "LmHandlerAdrStates_t"
| *"decl.name: ", "LmHandlerFlagStatus_t"
...
| *"decl.name: ", "LmHandlerInit"
| *"decl.name: ", "LmHandlerIsBusy"
| *"decl.name: ", "LmHandlerProcess"
| *"decl.name: ", "LmHandlerGetDutyCycleWaitTime"
| *"decl.name: ", "LmHandlerSend"
| *"decl.name: ", "LmHandlerJoin"
...
./reflect.zig:836:9: error: found compile log statement
        @compileLog("@typeInfo(c): ", T);
        ^
./reflect.zig:840:9: error: found compile log statement
        @compileLog("T.Struct.fields.len: ", T.Struct.fields.len);
        ^
./reflect.zig:844:9: error: found compile log statement
        @compileLog("T.Struct.decls.len: ", T.Struct.decls.len);
        ^
./reflect.zig:848:9: error: found compile log statement
        @compileLog("T.Struct.decls[0].name: ", T.Struct.decls[0].name);
        ^
./reflect.zig:857:17: error: found compile log statement
                @compileLog("decl.name: ", T2.Struct.decls[i].name);
                ^

（来源）

这是Lorawan库中C类型和功能的列表。

让我们使用它来可视化lorawan库的呼叫图（由模块）。

我们将使用mermaid.js渲染呼叫图...

https://mermaid-js.github.io/mermaid/#/./flowchart?id=flowcharts

我们将通过Lorawan模块（子图）将Lorawan函数分组在呼叫图中，因此我们可以在Lorawan模块上看到呼叫。

海森伯格

在上面的代码中，为什么我们使用T2.Struct.decls[i].name而不是decl.name ？

 // For every C Declaration...
for ( T . Struct . decls ) | decl , i | {
    // If the C Declaration starts with "Lm" (LoRaMAC)...
    if ( std . mem . startsWith ( u8 , decl . name , "Lm" )) {
        // Dump the C Declaration
        var T2 = @typeInfo ( c );

        // Can't use decl.name here...
        @compileLog ( "decl.name: " , T2 . Struct . decls [ i ]. name );
    }
}

我们希望此代码打印声明的名称...

 @compileLog ( "decl.name: " , decl . name );

喜欢...

 "decl.name: ", "LmnStatus_t"

但奇怪的是，它打印了字节...

 "decl.name: ", []const u8{76,109,110,83,116,97,116,117,115,95,116}

Zig编译器在我们之前提到名称后似乎以不同的方式解释名称...

 // If the C Declaration starts with "Lm" (LoRaMAC)...
if ( std . mem . startsWith ( u8 , decl . name , "Lm" )) { ...

因此，我们改用此解决方法...

 // Get a fresh reference to the Type Info
var T2 = @typeInfo ( c );

// This works OK
@compileLog ( "decl.name: " , T2 . Struct . decls [ i ]. name );

这产生了我们需要的结果...

 "decl.name: ", "LmnStatus_t"

组由C标头文件组

我们可以通过分析HEADER_NAME_H__ c头宏来自动识别每个Lorawan功能的Lorawan模块吗？

让我们尝试一下以抛弃从C ...进口的所有C声明和宏

 // Get the Type Info of the C Namespace
const T = @typeInfo ( c );

// Remember the C Header
var header : [] const u8 = "" ;

// For every C Declaration...
for ( T . Struct . decls ) | decl , i | {
    var T2 = @typeInfo ( c );

    // If the C Declaration ends with "_H"...
    if (
        std . mem . endsWith ( u8 , decl . name , "_H" ) or
        std . mem . endsWith ( u8 , decl . name , "_H_" ) or
        std . mem . endsWith ( u8 , decl . name , "_H__" )
    ) {
        // Dump the C Header and remember it
        var name = T2 . Struct . decls [ i ]. name ;
        @compileLog ( "-----" , name );
        header = name ;

    } else {
        // Dump the C Declaration
        var name = T2 . Struct . decls [ i ]. name ;
        @compileLog ( "decl.name:" , name );
    }
}   // End of C Declaration

（来源）

我们得到了洛万功能和洛万宏的列表...

 | *"decl.name:", "LmHandlerInit"
| *"decl.name:", "LmHandlerIsBusy"
| *"decl.name:", "LmHandlerProcess"
| *"decl.name:", "LmHandlerGetDutyCycleWaitTime"
| *"decl.name:", "LmHandlerSend"
| *"decl.name:", "LmHandlerJoin"
...
| *"-----", "__LORAMAC_HANDLER_H__"
| *"-----", "__LORAMAC_HANDLER_TYPES_H__"
| *"decl.name:", "LMH_SYS_TIME_UPDATE_NEW_API"
| *"decl.name:", "__LMHP_COMPLIANCE__"

（来源）

这没用。 LmHandlerInit is actually declared inside the C Header File for __LORAMAC_HANDLER_H__ .但是__LORAMAC_HANDLER_H__ LmHandlerInit之前。

因此，似乎我们需要手动将Lorawan功能分组为Lorawan模块。

Lorawan函数似乎按照C标头文件进行了测序，因此我们只需要手动标记每个Lorawan模块的第一个Lorawan函数即可。像这样...

 LmHandlerInit → __LORAMAC_HANDLER_H__
LoRaMacInitialization → __LORAMAC_H__
RegionCommonValueInRange → __REGIONCOMMON_H__
SX126xInit → __SX126x_H__
SX126xIoInit → __SX126x_BOARD_H__

自我类型的反射

我们的Zig应用程序可以对自己键入反射，以发现其类型，常数，变量和函数...

 // Show the Type Info for our Zig Namespace
const ThisType = @typeInfo ( @This ());
@compileLog ( "ThisType: " , ThisType );
@compileLog ( "ThisType.Struct.decls.len: " , ThisType . Struct . decls . len );
@compileLog ( "ThisType.Struct.decls[0].name: " , ThisType . Struct . decls [ 0 ]. name );
@compileLog ( "ThisType.Struct.decls[1].name: " , ThisType . Struct . decls [ 1 ]. name );
@compileLog ( "ThisType.Struct.decls[2].name: " , ThisType . Struct . decls [ 2 ]. name );

// Shows...
// | *"ThisType: ", std.builtin.Type { .Struct = (struct std.builtin.Type.Struct constant)}
// | *"ThisType.Struct.decls.len: ", 66
// | *"ThisType.Struct.decls[0].name: ", "std"
// | *"ThisType.Struct.decls[1].name: ", "c"
// | *"ThisType.Struct.decls[2].name: ", "ACTIVE_REGION"    

（来源）

我们将使用它来绘制从Lorawan库中C函数的曲线函数的函数调用。

导入呼叫日志

之前，我们捕获了此呼叫日志：lorawan库中C函数的呼叫日志...

 init_event_queue
TimerInit:     0x4201c76c
SX126xIoInit: Compiled with gcc
init_gpio
...
RadioSetChannel: freq=923200000
RadioSetTxConfig: modem=1, power=13, fdev=0, bandwidth=0, datarate=10, coderate=1, preambleLen=8, fixLen=0, crcOn=1, freqHopOn=0, hopPeriod=0, iqInverted=0, timeout=4000
RadioSetTxConfig: SpreadingFactor=10, Bandwidth=4, CodingRate=1, LowDatarateOptimize=0, PreambleLength=8, HeaderType=0, PayloadLength=255, CrcMode=1, InvertIQ=0
RadioStandby
RadioSetModem
SX126xSetTxParams: power=13, rampTime=7
SX126xSetPaConfig: paDutyCycle=4, hpMax=7, deviceSel=0, paLut=1

（来源）

呼叫日志的每一行都包含Lorawan函数名称。我们将与Zig类型反射的信息匹配，以绘制呼叫图。

我们将呼叫登录导入我们的Zig应用程序中...

 /// Call Log captured for this app. From
/// https://gist.github.com/lupyuen/0871ac515b18d9d68d3aacf831fd0f5b
const call_log =
    \init_event_queue
    \TimerInit:     0x4201c76c
    \SX126xIoInit: Compiled with gcc
    \init_gpio
    ...
    \RadioSetChannel: freq=923200000
    \RadioSetTxConfig: modem=1, power=13, fdev=0, bandwidth=0, datarate=10, coderate=1, preambleLen=8, fixLen=0, crcOn=1, freqHopOn=0, hopPeriod=0, iqInverted=0, timeout=4000
    \RadioSetTxConfig: SpreadingFactor=10, Bandwidth=4, CodingRate=1, LowDatarateOptimize=0, PreambleLength=8, HeaderType=0, PayloadLength=255, CrcMode=1, InvertIQ=0
    \RadioStandby
    \RadioSetModem
    \SX126xSetTxParams: power=13, rampTime=7
    \SX126xSetPaConfig: paDutyCycle=4, hpMax=7, deviceSel=0, paLut=1
    \SecureElementRandomNumber: 0xbc9f21c2
    \RadioSend: size=23
    \00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 5b b1 7b 37 e7 5e c1 4b c2 21 9c 04 48 1b
    \RadioSend: PreambleLength=8, HeaderType=0, PayloadLength=23, CrcMode=1, InvertIQ=0
    \TimerStop:     0x4201b86c
    \TimerStart2:   0x4201b86c, 4000 ms
    \callout_reset: evq=0x420131a8, ev=0x4201b86c
    \
    \###### =========== MLME-Request ============ ######
    \######               MLME_JOIN               ######
    \###### ===================================== ######
    \STATUS      : OK
    \StartTxProcess
    \handle_event_queue
    \DIO1 add event
    \handle_event_queue: ev=0x4201b894
    \RadioOnDioIrq
    \RadioIrqProcess
    \IRQ_TX_DONE
    \TimerStop:     0x4201b86c
    \TODO: RtcGetCalendarTime
    \TODO: RtcBkupRead
    \RadioOnDioIrq
    \RadioIrqProcess
    \ProcessRadioTxDone: RxWindow1Delay=4988
    \RadioSleep
    ...
;

（来源）

Zig编译器可以按线路按线处理呼叫日志。

 // Show the first line of the Call Log
var call_log_split = std . mem . split ( u8 , call_log , " n " );
const line = call_log_split . next ();
@compileLog ( "line:" , line );

// Shows | *"line:", []const u8{103,112,108,104,95,101,110,97,98,108,101,58,32,87,65,82,78,73,78,71,58,32,112,105,110,57,58,32,65,108,114,101,97,100,121,32,100,101,116,97,99,104,101,100}

（来源）

要遍历呼叫日志的所有行，我们做到了...

 // For every line in the Call Log...
var call_log_split = std . mem . split ( u8 , call_log , " n " );
while ( call_log_split . next ()) | line | {

    // TODO: Process the line
    @compileLog ( "line:" , line );
    ...
}  // End of Call Log

（来源）

匹配呼叫日志

让我们将呼叫日志与我们Lorawan库中的函数名称匹配...

 // For every line in the Call Log...
var call_log_split = std . mem . split ( u8 , call_log , " n " );
while ( call_log_split . next ()) | line | {

    // For every C Declaration...
    for ( T . Struct . decls ) | decl , i | {
        if ( std . mem . eql ( u8 , decl . name , "Radio" )) { continue ; }  // Skip Radio
        var T2 = @typeInfo ( c );

        // If the C Declaration matches the Call Log...
        if ( std . mem . startsWith ( u8 , line , decl . name )) {
            // Dump the C Declaration
            var name = T2 . Struct . decls [ i ]. name ;
            @compileLog ( "Found call log" , name );
            break ;
        }
    }   // End of C Declaration

}  // End of Call Log

（来源）

上面的代码产生了此结果...

 | *"Found call log", "LoRaMacInitialization"
| *"Found call log", "TimerInit"
| *"Found call log", "SX126xIoInit"
| *"Found call log", "SX126xSetTx"
| *"Found call log", "SX126xSetPaConfig"
| *"Found call log", "TimerInit"
| *"Found call log", "TimerInit"
| *"Found call log", "RadioSetModem"
| *"Found call log", "RadioSetModem"
| *"Found call log", "RadioSetPublicNetwork"
| *"Found call log", "RadioSleep"
| *"Found call log", "RadioSetModem"
| *"Found call log", "RadioSetPublicNetwork"
...

（来源）

这是Lorawan函数及其被称为序列的列表。

距离渲染我们的结构化呼叫图更近一步！

绘制图形

让我们扩展上面的代码并渲染幼稚的呼叫图...

• 对于我们在呼叫日志中识别的每个Lorawan功能...

• 我们绘制lorawan函数与呼叫日志中的下一个洛万函数之间的界线

• 因此，我们只是绘制函数调用的连接顺序

（是的，超级天真！）

我们这样做...

 // Draw the graph for all functions in the Call Log
var call_log_split = std . mem . split ( u8 , call_log , " n " );
var prev_name : [] const u8 = "Start" ;
@compileLog ( "flowchart TD;" );  // Top-Down Flowchart

// For every line in the Call Log...
while ( call_log_split . next ()) | line | {

    // For every C Declaration...
    for ( T . Struct . decls ) | decl , i | {
        if ( std . mem . eql ( u8 , decl . name , "Radio" )) { continue ; }  // Skip Radio
        var T2 = @typeInfo ( c );

        // If the C Declaration matches the Call Log...
        if ( std . mem . startsWith ( u8 , line , decl . name )) {
            // Draw the graph: [previous function]-->[current function]
            var name = T2 . Struct . decls [ i ]. name ;
            @compileLog ( "    " , prev_name , "-->" , name , ";" );
            prev_name = name ;
            break ;
        }
    }   // End of C Declaration

}  // End of Call Log
@compileLog ( "    " , prev_name , "-->" , "End" , ";" );

（来源）

Zig编译器在编译时产生此结果...

 | *"flowchart TD;"
| *"    ", "Start", *"-->", "LoRaMacInitialization", *";"
| *"    ", "LoRaMacInitialization", *"-->", "TimerInit", *";"
| *"    ", "TimerInit", *"-->", "TimerInit", *";"
| *"    ", "TimerInit", *"-->", "TimerInit", *";"
| *"    ", "TimerInit", *"-->", "TimerInit", *";"
| *"    ", "TimerInit", *"-->", "TimerInit", *";"
| *"    ", "TimerInit", *"-->", "TimerInit", *";"
| *"    ", "TimerInit", *"-->", "TimerInit", *";"
| *"    ", "TimerInit", *"-->", "TimerInit", *";"
| *"    ", "TimerInit", *"-->", "SX126xIoInit", *";"
| *"    ", "SX126xIoInit", *"-->", "SX126xSetTx", *";"
| *"    ", "SX126xSetTx", *"-->", "SX126xSetPaConfig", *";"
| *"    ", "SX126xSetPaConfig", *"-->", "TimerInit", *";"
| *"    ", "TimerInit", *"-->", "TimerInit", *";"
| *"    ", "TimerInit", *"-->", "RadioSetModem", *";"
...

（来源）

我们会从上面的曲折编译器日志中手动删除定界符...

 flowchart TD;
    Start-->LoRaMacInitialization;
    LoRaMacInitialization-->TimerInit;
    TimerInit-->TimerInit;
    TimerInit-->TimerInit;
    TimerInit-->TimerInit;
    TimerInit-->TimerInit;
    TimerInit-->TimerInit;
    TimerInit-->TimerInit;
    TimerInit-->TimerInit;
    TimerInit-->SX126xIoInit;
    SX126xIoInit-->SX126xSetTx;
    SX126xSetTx-->SX126xSetPaConfig;
    SX126xSetPaConfig-->TimerInit;
    TimerInit-->TimerInit;
    TimerInit-->RadioSetModem;
    ...

要获得此Mermaid.js流程图...

流程图TD;
    启动 - >劳拉米斯式化；
    Loramacinitialization-> timerinit;
    定时 - > timerinit;
    定时 - > timerinit;
    定时 - > timerinit;
    定时 - > timerinit;
    定时 - > timerinit;
    定时 - > timerinit;
    定时 - > timerinit;
    定时 - > sx126xioInit;
    SX126XIOINIT-> SX126XSETTX;
    SX126XSETTX-> SX126XSETPACONFIG;
    SX126XSETPACONFIG-> timerinit;
    定时 - > timerinit;
    定时仪 - > radiosetmodem;
    RadioSetModem-> RadioSetModem;
    RadioSetModem-> RadioSetPublicNetwork;
    RadioSetPublicNetwork-> RadioSleep;
    辐射 - > radiosetmodem;
    RadioSetModem-> RadioSetPublicNetwork;
    RadioSetPublicNetwork-> timerinit;
    定时 - > timerinit;
    定时 - > timerinit;
    定时仪 - > radiosthannel;
    radiosterchannel-> radiosettxconfig;
    RadioSettXConfig-> RadioSettXConfig;
    RadioSettxConfig-> radiostandby;
    radiostandby-> radiosetmodem;
    RadioSetModem-> SX126XSETTX;
    SX126XSETTX-> SX126XSETPACONFIG;
    SX126XSETPACONFIG-> RADIOSEND;
    收音机 - >辐射式；
    收音机端 - >蒂姆斯托普；
    Timerstop-> Timerstart;
    Timerstart-> timerinit;
    timerinit-> timersetValue;
    计时值 - > Timerstop;
    Timerstop-> TimerSetValue;
    计时值 - > TimerStart;
    Timerstart-> Timerstop;
    Timerstop-> Timerstart;
    Timerstart-> RadioDoiiRQ;
    RadioDioIrq-> RadioiRQProcess;
    RadioIRQProcess-> IRQ_TX_DONE;
    irq_tx_done-> timerstop;
    Timerstop-> RadioDoiiRQ;
    RadioDioIrq-> RadioiRQProcess;
    RadioirqProcess-> RadioSleep;
    辐射 - > timersetValue;
    计时值 - > TimerStart;
    Timerstart-> Timerstop;
    Timerstop-> Timerstart;
    Timerstart-> TimerSetValue;
    计时值 - > TimerStart;
    Timerstart-> Timerstop;
    Timerstop-> Timerstart;
    Timerstart-> Timerstop;
    Timerstop-> radiostandby;
    radiostandby-> radiosthannel;
    radiosthannel-> radiosetrxConfig;
    radiosetxconfig-> radiostandby;
    radiostandby-> radiosetmodem;
    RadioSetModem-> radiosetrxConfig;
    radiosetxconfig-> radiorx;
    radiorx-> Timerstop;
    Timerstop-> Timerstart;
    Timerstart-> RadioDoiiRQ;
    RadioDioIrq-> RadioiRQProcess;
    RadioIrqProcess-> RadioDioiRQ;
    RadioDioIrq-> RadioiRQProcess;
    RadioIrqProcess-> RadioDioiRQ;
    RadioDioIrq-> RadioiRQProcess;
    RadioIrqProcess-> RadioDioiRQ;
    RadioDioIrq-> RadioiRQProcess;
    RadioIRQProcess-> irq_header_valid;
    IRQ_HEADER_VALID-> RADITONDIOIRQ;
    RadioDioIrq-> RadioiRQProcess;
    RadioIrqProcess-> RadioDioiRQ;
    RadioDioIrq-> RadioiRQProcess;
    RadioIRQProcess-> IRQ_RX_DONE;
    irq_rx_done-> timerstop;
    Timerstop-> RadioDoiiRQ;
    RadioDioIrq-> RadioiRQProcess;
    RadioirqProcess-> RadioSleep;
    辐射 - > Timerstop;
    Timerstop-> lmhandlersend;
    lmhandlersend-> radiosthannel;
    radiosterchannel-> radiosettxconfig;
    RadioSettXConfig-> RadioSettXConfig;
    RadioSettxConfig-> radiostandby;
    radiostandby-> radiosetmodem;
    RadioSetModem-> SX126XSETTX;
    SX126XSETTX-> SX126XSETPACONFIG;
    SX126XSETPACONFIG-> RADIOSEND;
    收音机 - >辐射式；
    收音机端 - >蒂姆斯托普；
    Timerstop-> Timerstart;
    Timerstart-> RadioDoiiRQ;
    RadioDioIrq-> RadioiRQProcess;
    RadioIRQProcess-> IRQ_TX_DONE;
    irq_tx_done-> timerstop;
    Timerstop-> RadioDoiiRQ;
    RadioDioIrq-> RadioiRQProcess;
    RadioirqProcess-> RadioSleep;
    辐射 - > timersetValue;
    计时值 - > TimerStart;
    Timerstart-> Timerstop;
    Timerstop-> Timerstart;
    Timerstart-> TimerSetValue;
    计时值 - > TimerStart;
    Timerstart-> Timerstop;
    Timerstop-> Timerstart;
    Timerstart-> Timerstop;
    Timerstop-> radiostandby;
    radiostandby-> radiosthannel;
    radiosthannel-> radiosetrxConfig;
    radiosetxconfig-> radiostandby;
    radiostandby-> radiosetmodem;
    RadioSetModem-> radiosetrxConfig;
    radiosetxconfig-> radiorx;
    radiorx-> Timerstop;
    Timerstop-> Timerstart;
    Timerstart-> RadioDoiiRQ;
    RadioDioIrq-> RadioiRQProcess;
    RadioIrqProcess-> RadioDioiRQ;
    RadioDioIrq-> RadioiRQProcess;
    RadioIRQProcess-> IRQ_RX_TX_TIMEOUT;
    IRQ_RX_TX_TIMEOUT-> TIMERSTOP;
    Timerstop-> RadioDoiiRQ;
    RadioDioIrq-> RadioiRQProcess;
    RadioirqProcess-> RadioSleep;
    辐射 - > Timerstop;
    Timerstop-> Timerstop;
    Timerstop-> Timerstop;
    Timerstop-> TimerSetValue;
    计时值 - > TimerStart;
    Timerstart-> Timerstop;
    Timerstop-> Timerstart;
    Timerstart-> RadioDoiiRQ;
    RadioDioIrq-> RadioiRQProcess;
    RadioIrqProcess-> lmhandlersend;
    lmhandlersend-> radiosthannel;
    radiosterchannel-> radiosettxconfig;
    RadioSettXConfig-> RadioSettXConfig;
    RadioSettxConfig-> radiostandby;
    radiostandby-> radiosetmodem;
    RadioSetModem-> SX126XSETTX;
    SX126XSETTX-> SX126XSETPACONFIG;
    SX126XSETPACONFIG-> RADIOSEND;
    收音机 - >辐射式；
    收音机端 - >蒂姆斯托普；
    Timerstop-> Timerstart;
    Timerstart-> RadioDoiiRQ;
    RadioDioIrq-> RadioiRQProcess;
    RadioIRQProcess-> IRQ_TX_DONE;
    irq_tx_done-> timerstop;
    Timerstop-> RadioDoiiRQ;
    RadiodoiRQ-> RadioSleep;
    辐射 - > timersetValue;
    计时值 - > TimerStart;
    Timerstart-> Timerstop;
    Timerstop-> Timerstart;
    Timerstart-> TimerSetValue;
    计时值 - > TimerStart;
    Timerstart-> Timerstop;
    Timerstop-> Timerstart;
    Timerstart-> Timerstop;
    Timerstop-> radiostandby;
    radiostandby-> radiosthannel;
    radiosthannel-> radiosetrxConfig;
    radiosetxconfig-> radiostandby;
    radiostandby-> radiosetmodem;
    RadioSetModem-> radiosetrxConfig;
    radiosetxconfig-> radiorx;
    radiorx-> Timerstop;
    Timerstop-> Timerstart;
    Timerstart-> RadioDoiiRQ;
    RadioDioIrq-> RadioiRQProcess;
    RadioIrqProcess-> RadioDioiRQ;
    RadioDioIrq-> RadioiRQProcess;
    RadioIRQProcess-> IRQ_RX_TX_TIMEOUT;
    IRQ_RX_TX_TIMEOUT-> TIMERSTOP;
    Timerstop-> RadioDoiiRQ;
    RadioDioIrq-> RadioiRQProcess;
    RadioirqProcess-> RadioSleep;
    辐射 - > Timerstop;
    Timerstop-> Timerstop;
    Timerstop-> Timerstop;
    Timerstop-> TimerSetValue;
    计时值 - > TimerStart;
    Timerstart-> Timerstop;
    Timerstop-> Timerstart;
    Timerstart-> RadioDoiiRQ;
    RadioDioIrq-> RadioiRQProcess;
    RadioIrqProcess-> lmhandlersend;
    lmhandlersend-> radiosthannel;
    radiosterchannel-> radiosettxconfig;
    RadioSettXConfig-> RadioSettXConfig;
    RadioSettxConfig-> radiostandby;
    radiostandby-> radiosetmodem;
    RadioSetModem-> SX126XSETTX;
    SX126XSETTX-> SX126XSETPACONFIG;
    SX126XSETPACONFIG-> RADIOSEND;
    收音机 - >辐射式；
    收音机端 - >蒂姆斯托普；
    Timerstop-> Timerstart;
    Timerstart-> RadioDoiiRQ;
    RadioDioIrq-> RadioiRQProcess;
    RadioIRQProcess-> IRQ_TX_DONE;
    irq_tx_done-> timerstop;
    Timerstop-> RadioDoiiRQ;
    RadioDioIrq-> RadioiRQProcess;
    RadioirqProcess-> RadioSleep;
    辐射 - > timersetValue;
    计时值 - > TimerStart;
    Timerstart-> Timerstop;
    Timerstop-> Timerstart;
    Timerstart-> TimerSetValue;
    计时值 - > TimerStart;
    Timerstart-> Timerstop;
    Timerstop-> Timerstart;
    Timerstart-> Timerstop;
    Timerstop-> radiostandby;
    radiostandby-> radiosthannel;
    radiosthannel-> radiosetrxConfig;
    radiosetxconfig-> radiostandby;
    radiostandby-> radiosetmodem;
    RadioSetModem-> radiosetrxConfig;
    radiosetxconfig-> radiorx;
    radiorx-> Timerstop;
    Timerstop-> Timerstart;
    Timerstart-> RadioDoiiRQ;
    RadioDioIrq-> RadioiRQProcess;
    RadioIrqProcess-> RadioDioiRQ;
    RadioDioIrq-> RadioiRQProcess;
    RadioIRQProcess-> IRQ_RX_TX_TIMEOUT;
    IRQ_RX_TX_TIMEOUT-> TIMERSTOP;
    Timerstop-> RadioDoiiRQ;
    RadioDioIrq-> RadioiRQProcess;
    RadioirqProcess-> RadioSleep;
    辐射 - > Timerstop;
    Timerstop-> Timerstop;
    Timerstop-> Timerstop;
    Timerstop-> TimerSetValue;
    计时值 - > TimerStart;
    Timerstart-> Timerstop;
    Timerstop-> Timerstart;
    Timerstart-> RadioDoiiRQ;
    RadioDioIrq-> RadioiRQProcess;
    RadioIrqProcess-> lmhandlersend;
    lmhandlersend-> radiosthannel;
    radiosterchannel-> radiosettxconfig;
    RadioSettXConfig-> RadioSettXConfig;
    RadioSettxConfig-> radiostandby;
    radiostandby-> radiosetmodem;
    RadioSetModem-> SX126XSETTX;
    SX126XSETTX-> SX126XSETPACONFIG;
    SX126XSETPACONFIG-> RADIOSEND;
    收音机 - >辐射式；
    收音机端 - >蒂姆斯托普；
    Timerstop-> Timerstart;
    Timerstart-> RadioDoiiRQ;
    RadioDioIrq-> RadioiRQProcess;
    RadioIRQProcess-> IRQ_TX_DONE;
    irq_tx_done-> timerstop;
    Timerstop-> RadioDoiiRQ;
    RadioDioIrq-> RadioiRQProcess;
    RadioirqProcess-> RadioSleep;
    辐射 - > timersetValue;
    计时值 - > TimerStart;
    Timerstart-> Timerstop;
    Timerstop-> Timerstart;
    Timerstart-> TimerSetValue;
    计时值 - > TimerStart;
    Timerstart-> Timerstop;
    Timerstop-> Timerstart;
    Timerstart-> Timerstop;
    Timerstop-> radiostandby;
    radiostandby-> radiosthannel;
    radiosthannel-> radiosetrxConfig;
    radiosetxconfig-> radiostandby;
    radiostandby-> radiosetmodem;
    RadioSetModem-> radiosetrxConfig;
    radiosetxconfig-> radiorx;
    radiorx-> Timerstop;
    Timerstop-> Timerstart;
    Timerstart-> RadioDoiiRQ;
    RadioDioIrq-> RadioiRQProcess;
    RadioIrqProcess-> RadioDioiRQ;
    RadioDioIrq-> RadioiRQProcess;
    RadioIRQProcess-> IRQ_RX_TX_TIMEOUT;
    IRQ_RX_TX_TIMEOUT-> TIMERSTOP;
    Timerstop-> RadioDoiiRQ;
    RadioDioIrq-> RadioiRQProcess;
    RadioirqProcess-> RadioSleep;
    辐射 - > Timerstop;
    Timerstop-> Timerstop;
    Timerstop-> Timerstop;
    Timerstop-> TimerSetValue;
    计时值 - > TimerStart;
    Timerstart-> Timerstop;
    Timerstop-> Timerstart;
    Timerstart-> RadioDoiiRQ;
    RadioDioIrq-> RadioiRQProcess;
    RadioIrqProcess-> lmhandlersend;
    lmhandlersend-> radiosthannel;
    radiosterchannel-> radiosettxconfig;
    RadioSettXConfig-> RadioSettXConfig;
    RadioSettxConfig-> radiostandby;
    radiostandby-> radiosetmodem;
    RadioSetModem-> SX126XSETTX;
    SX126XSETTX-> SX126XSETPACONFIG;
    SX126XSETPACONFIG-> RADIOSEND;
    收音机 - >辐射式；
    收音机端 - >蒂姆斯托普；
    Timerstop-> Timerstart;
    Timerstart-> RadioDoiiRQ;
    RadioDioIrq-> RadioiRQProcess;
    RadioIRQProcess-> IRQ_TX_DONE;
    irq_tx_done-> timerstop;
    Timerstop-> RadioDoiiRQ;
    RadioDioIrq-> RadioiRQProcess;
    RadioirqProcess-> RadioSleep;
    辐射 - > timersetValue;
    计时值 - > TimerStart;
    Timerstart-> Timerstop;
    Timerstop-> Timerstart;
    Timerstart-> TimerSetValue;
    计时值 - > TimerStart;
    Timerstart-> Timerstop;
    Timerstop-> Timerstart;

超天真的通话图

我们生产的超级呼叫图有什么问题？

 flowchart TD;
    Start-->LoRaMacInitialization;
    LoRaMacInitialization-->TimerInit;
    TimerInit-->TimerInit;
    TimerInit-->SX126xIoInit;
    SX126xIoInit-->SX126xSetTx;
    SX126xSetTx-->SX126xSetPaConfig;
    SX126xSetPaConfig-->TimerInit;
    TimerInit-->RadioSetModem;
    ...

（来源）

我们的呼叫图缺乏结构。请记住，我们只是绘制函数调用的顺序...

• TimerInit → TimerInit没有意义（因为我们没有递归功能）

• TimerInit → RadioSetModem是完全错误的，因为TimerInit是一个低级功能（敏捷的多线程库），而RadioSetModem是一个高级函数（SX1262库）

我们可以添加一些结构来改进呼叫图吗？

要产生一个结构化的调用图，我们将将功能分组为模块，从高级到低级...

1. Zig应用程序（最高级别）

2. 洛万图书馆

3. SX1262库

4. 敏捷的多线程库（最低级别）

并且我们将确保我们永远不会从低级功能到高级功能绘制一条线。

这是我们想要实现的片段...

流程图TD;
    劳拉万子;
        开始;
        Loramacinialization;
    结尾;
    SX1262子图;
        SX126XIOINIT;
        sx126xsettx;
        SX126XSETPACONFIG;
    结尾;
    子图名;
        计时;
        计时;
    结尾;
    启动 - >劳拉米斯式化；
    Loramacinitialization-> timerinit;
    SX126XIOINIT-> SX126XSETTX;
    SX126XSETTX-> SX126XSETPACONFIG;
    SX126XSETPACONFIG-> timerinit;

模块的组功能

让我们通过将C函数分组到模块中，向我们的呼叫图添加一些结构。

这就是我们定义模块的方式，从高水平到低水平...

 // Define the Modules and the First / Last Functions in each Module.
// We order the Modules from High-Level to Low-Level.
var all_modules = [ _ ] Module {
    // LoRaMAC Handler is the Top Level Module that drives the LoRaWAN Stack
    Module {
        . name           = "LMHandler" ,
        . first_function = "LmHandlerInit" ,
        . last_function  = "DisplayAppInfo" ,
        . first_index    = undefined ,
        . last_index     = undefined ,
    },
    // LoRaMAC Module is the implementation of the LoRaWAN Driver
    Module {
        . name           = "LoRaMAC" ,
        . first_function = "LoRaMacInitialization" ,
        . last_function  = "LoRaMacDeInitialization" ,
        . first_index    = undefined ,
        . last_index     = undefined ,
    },
    // Radio Module is the abstract interface for LoRa Radio Transceivers
    Module {
        . name           = "Radio" ,
        . first_function = "RadioInit" ,
        . last_function  = "RadioAddRegisterToRetentionList" ,
        . first_index    = undefined ,
        . last_index     = undefined ,
    },
    // SX1262 Module is the LoRa Driver for Semtech SX1262 Radio Transceiver
    Module {
        . name           = "SX1262" ,
        . first_function = "SX126xInit" ,
        . last_function  = "SX126xSetOperatingMode" ,
        . first_index    = undefined ,
        . last_index     = undefined ,
    },
    // NimBLE is the Bottom Level Module that contains Multithreading Functions like Timers and Event Queues
    Module {
        . name           = "NimBLE" ,
        . first_function = "TimerInit" ,
        . last_function  = "TimerGetElapsedTime" ,
        . first_index    = undefined ,
        . last_index     = undefined ,
    },
};

（来源）

请注意，我们仅指定每个模块的第一个也是最后一个功能。

这是因为来自同一模块的函数被聚集在曲折类型反射中。

然后，我们将每个模块渲染为Mermaid.js子图...

 /// Render all Modules and their Functions as Subgraphs
fn render_modules ( all_modules : [] Module ) void {
    comptime {
        // Render every Module
        for ( all_modules ) | module , m | {
            @compileLog ( "    subgraph " , module . name , ";" );

            // For every line in the Call Log...
            var call_log_split = std . mem . split ( u8 , call_log , " n " );
            while ( call_log_split . next ()) | line | {
                var T = @typeInfo ( c );

                // If the Call Log matches a C Declaration...
                if ( get_decl_by_name_filtered ( all_modules , line )) | decl_index | {

                    // Get the Module Index for the C Declaration
                    if ( get_module_by_decl ( all_modules , decl_index )) | m2 | {

                        // If the C Declaration matches our Module Index...
                        if ( m == m2 ) {

                            // Print the Function Name
                            var name = T . Struct . decls [ decl_index ]. name ;
                            @compileLog ( "        " , name , ";" );
                        }
                    } else {
                        // Missing Declaration
                        var name = T . Struct . decls [ decl_index ]. name ;
                        @compileLog ( "Missing Decl:" , name );
                    }
                }
            }  // End of Call Log            

            @compileLog ( "    end;" );
        }  // End of Module
    }
}

（来源）

每个子图包含属于模块的功能列表...

 flowchart TD;
    subgraph LMHandler;
        LmHandlerSend;
    end;
    subgraph LoRaMAC;
        LoRaMacInitialization;
    end;
    subgraph Radio;
        RadioSetModem;
        RadioSetPublicNetwork;
        RadioSleep;
        RadioSetChannel;
        RadioSetTxConfig;
        RadioStandby;
        RadioSend;
        RadioIrqProcess;
        ...
    end;
    subgraph SX1262;
        SX126xIoInit;
        SX126xSetTx;
        SX126xSetPaConfig;
    end;
    subgraph NimBLE;
        TimerInit;
        TimerStop;
        TimerStart;
        TimerSetValue;
    end;
    Start-->LoRaMacInitialization;
    LoRaMacInitialization-->TimerInit;
    TimerInit-->SX126xIoInit;
    ...

（来源）

当我们使用Mermaid.js渲染输出时，我们会得到一个结构化的调用图，看起来更有意义...

流程图TD;
    子图LMHANDLER;
        lmhandlersend;
        lmhandlersend;
        lmhandlersend;
        lmhandlersend;
        lmhandlersend;
        lmhandlersend;
        lmhandlersend;
        lmhandlersend;
        lmhandlersend;
        lmhandlersend;
        lmhandlersend;
        lmhandlersend;
    结尾;
    劳拉马克子图；
        Loramacinialization;
    结尾;
    子图广播；
        辐射仪；
        辐射仪；
        RadioSetPublicNetwork;
        辐射;
        辐射仪；
        RadioSetPublicNetwork;
        辐射纳尔；
        RadioSettxConfig;
        RadioSettxConfig;
        radiostandby;
        辐射仪；
        收音机端；
        收音机端；
        RadioirqProcess;
        RadioirqProcess;
        辐射;
        radiostandby;
        辐射纳尔；
        radiosetxconfig;
        radiostandby;
        辐射仪；
        radiosetxconfig;
        radiorx;
        RadioirqProcess;
        RadioirqProcess;
        RadioirqProcess;
        RadioirqProcess;
        RadioirqProcess;
        RadioirqProcess;
        RadioirqProcess;
        辐射;
        辐射纳尔；
        RadioSettxConfig;
        RadioSettxConfig;
        radiostandby;
        辐射仪；
        收音机端；
        收音机端；
        RadioirqProcess;
        RadioirqProcess;
        辐射;
        radiostandby;
        辐射纳尔；
        radiosetxconfig;
        radiostandby;
        辐射仪；
        radiosetxconfig;
        radiorx;
        RadioirqProcess;
        RadioirqProcess;
        RadioirqProcess;
        辐射;
        RadioirqProcess;
        辐射纳尔；
        RadioSettxConfig;
        RadioSettxConfig;
        radiostandby;
        辐射仪；
        收音机端；
        收音机端；
        RadioirqProcess;
        辐射;
        radiostandby;
        辐射纳尔；
        radiosetxconfig;
        radiostandby;
        辐射仪；
        radiosetxconfig;
        radiorx;
        RadioirqProcess;
        RadioirqProcess;
        RadioirqProcess;
        辐射;
        RadioirqProcess;
        辐射纳尔；
        RadioSettxConfig;
        RadioSettxConfig;
        radiostandby;
        辐射仪；
        收音机端；
        收音机端；
        RadioirqProcess;
        RadioirqProcess;
        辐射;
        radiostandby;
        辐射纳尔；
        radiosetxconfig;
        radiostandby;
        辐射仪；
        radiosetxconfig;
        radiorx;
        RadioirqProcess;
        RadioirqProcess;
        RadioirqProcess;
        辐射;
        RadioirqProcess;
        辐射纳尔；
        RadioSettxConfig;
        RadioSettxConfig;
        radiostandby;
        辐射仪；
        收音机端；
        收音机端；
        RadioirqProcess;
        RadioirqProcess;
        辐射;
        radiostandby;
        辐射纳尔；
        radiosetxconfig;
        radiostandby;
        辐射仪；
        radiosetxconfig;
        radiorx;
        RadioirqProcess;
        RadioirqProcess;
        RadioirqProcess;
        辐射;
        RadioirqProcess;
        辐射纳尔；
        RadioSettxConfig;
        RadioSettxConfig;
        radiostandby;
        辐射仪；
        收音机端；
        收音机端；
        RadioirqProcess;
        RadioirqProcess;
        辐射;
        radiostandby;
        辐射纳尔；
        radiosetxconfig;
        radiostandby;
        辐射仪；
        radiosetxconfig;
        radiorx;
        RadioirqProcess;
        RadioirqProcess;
        RadioirqProcess;
        辐射;
        RadioirqProcess;
        辐射纳尔；
        RadioSettxConfig;
        RadioSettxConfig;
        radiostandby;
        辐射仪；
        收音机端；
        收音机端；
        RadioirqProcess;
        RadioirqProcess;
        辐射;
        radiostandby;
        辐射纳尔；
        radiosetxconfig;
        radiostandby;
        辐射仪；
        radiosetxconfig;
        radiorx;
        RadioirqProcess;
        RadioirqProcess;
        RadioirqProcess;
        辐射;
        RadioirqProcess;
        辐射纳尔；
        RadioSettxConfig;
        RadioSettxConfig;
        radiostandby;
        辐射仪；
        收音机端；
        收音机端；
        RadioirqProcess;
        RadioirqProcess;
        辐射;
        radiostandby;
        辐射纳尔；
        radiosetxconfig;
        radiostandby;
        辐射仪；
        radiosetxconfig;
        radiorx;
        RadioirqProcess;
        RadioirqProcess;
        RadioirqProcess;
        辐射;
        RadioirqProcess;
        辐射纳尔；
        RadioSettxConfig;
        RadioSettxConfig;
        radiostandby;
        辐射仪；
        收音机端；
        收音机端；
        RadioirqProcess;
        RadioirqProcess;
        辐射;
        radiostandby;
        辐射纳尔；
        radiosetxconfig;
        radiostandby;
        辐射仪；
        radiosetxconfig;
        radiorx;
        RadioirqProcess;
        RadioirqProcess;
        RadioirqProcess;
        辐射;
        RadioirqProcess;
        辐射纳尔；
        RadioSettxConfig;
        RadioSettxConfig;
        radiostandby;
        辐射仪；
        收音机端；
        收音机端；
        RadioirqProcess;
        RadioirqProcess;
        辐射;
        radiostandby;
        辐射纳尔；
        radiosetxconfig;
        radiostandby;
        辐射仪；
        radiosetxconfig;
        radiorx;
        RadioirqProcess;
        RadioirqProcess;
        RadioirqProcess;
        辐射;
        RadioirqProcess;
        辐射纳尔；
        RadioSettxConfig;
        RadioSettxConfig;
        radiostandby;
        辐射仪；
        收音机端；
        RadioSend;
        RadioIrqProcess;
        RadioIrqProcess;
        RadioSleep;
        RadioStandby;
        RadioSetChannel;
        RadioSetRxConfig;
        RadioStandby;
        RadioSetModem;
        RadioSetRxConfig;
        RadioRx;
        RadioIrqProcess;
        RadioIrqProcess;
        RadioIrqProcess;
        RadioSleep;
        RadioIrqProcess;
        RadioSetChannel;
        RadioSetTxConfig;
        RadioSetTxConfig;
        RadioStandby;
        RadioSetModem;
        RadioSend;
        RadioSend;
        RadioIrqProcess;
        RadioIrqProcess;
        RadioSleep;
        RadioStandby;
        RadioSetChannel;
        RadioSetRxConfig;
        RadioStandby;
        RadioSetModem;
        RadioSetRxConfig;
        RadioRx;
        RadioIrqProcess;
        RadioIrqProcess;
        RadioIrqProcess;
        RadioSleep;
        RadioIrqProcess;
        RadioSetChannel;
        RadioSetTxConfig;
        RadioSetTxConfig;
        RadioStandby;
        RadioSetModem;
        RadioSend;
        RadioSend;
        RadioIrqProcess;
        RadioIrqProcess;
        RadioSleep;
        RadioStandby;
        RadioSetChannel;
        RadioSetRxConfig;
        RadioStandby;
        RadioSetModem;
        RadioSetRxConfig;
        RadioRx;
        RadioIrqProcess;
        RadioIrqProcess;
        RadioIrqProcess;
        RadioSleep;
    结尾;
    subgraph SX1262;
        SX126xIoInit;
        SX126xSetTx;
        SX126xSetPaConfig;
        SX126xSetTx;
        SX126xSetPaConfig;
        SX126xSetTx;
        SX126xSetPaConfig;
        SX126xSetTx;
        SX126xSetPaConfig;
        SX126xSetTx;
        SX126xSetPaConfig;
        SX126xSetTx;
        SX126xSetPaConfig;
        SX126xSetTx;
        SX126xSetPaConfig;
        SX126xSetTx;
        SX126xSetPaConfig;
        SX126xSetTx;
        SX126xSetPaConfig;
        SX126xSetTx;
        SX126xSetPaConfig;
        SX126xSetTx;
        SX126xSetPaConfig;
        SX126xSetTx;
        SX126xSetPaConfig;
        SX126xSetTx;
        SX126xSetPaConfig;
        SX126xSetTx;
        SX126xSetPaConfig;
    结尾;
    subgraph NimBLE;
        TimerInit;
        TimerInit;
        TimerInit;
        TimerInit;
        TimerInit;
        TimerInit;
        TimerInit;
        TimerInit;
        TimerInit;
        TimerInit;
        TimerInit;
        TimerInit;
        TimerInit;
        TimerStop;
        TimerStart;
        TimerInit;
        TimerSetValue;
        TimerStop;
        TimerSetValue;
        TimerStart;
        TimerStop;
        TimerStart;
        TimerStop;
        TimerSetValue;
        TimerStart;
        TimerStop;
        TimerStart;
        TimerSetValue;
        TimerStart;
        TimerStop;
        TimerStart;
        TimerStop;
        TimerStop;
        TimerStart;
        TimerStop;
        TimerStop;
        TimerStop;
        TimerStart;
        TimerStop;
        TimerSetValue;
        TimerStart;
        TimerStop;
        TimerStart;
        TimerSetValue;
        TimerStart;
        TimerStop;
        TimerStart;
        TimerStop;
        TimerStop;
        TimerStart;
        TimerStop;
        TimerStop;
        TimerStop;
        TimerStop;
        TimerSetValue;
        TimerStart;
        TimerStop;
        TimerStart;
        TimerStop;
        TimerStart;
        TimerStop;
        TimerSetValue;
        TimerStart;
        TimerStop;
        TimerStart;
        TimerSetValue;
        TimerStart;
        TimerStop;
        TimerStart;
        TimerStop;
        TimerStop;
        TimerStart;
        TimerStop;
        TimerStop;
        TimerStop;
        TimerStop;
        TimerSetValue;
        TimerStart;
        TimerStop;
        TimerStart;
        TimerStop;
        TimerStart;
        TimerStop;
        TimerSetValue;
        TimerStart;
        TimerStop;
        TimerStart;
        TimerSetValue;
        TimerStart;
        TimerStop;
        TimerStart;
        TimerStop;
        TimerStop;
        TimerStart;
        TimerStop;
        TimerStop;
        TimerStop;
        TimerStop;
        TimerSetValue;
        TimerStart;
        TimerStop;
        TimerStart;
        TimerStop;
        TimerStart;
        TimerStop;
        TimerSetValue;
        TimerStart;
        TimerStop;
        TimerStart;
        TimerSetValue;
        TimerStart;
        TimerStop;
        TimerStart;
        TimerStop;
        TimerStop;
        TimerStart;
        TimerStop;
        TimerStop;
        TimerStop;
        TimerStop;
        TimerSetValue;
        TimerStart;
        TimerStop;
        TimerStart;
        TimerStop;
        TimerStart;
        TimerStop;
        TimerSetValue;
        TimerStart;
        TimerStop;
        TimerStart;
        TimerSetValue;
        TimerStart;
        TimerStop;
        TimerStart;
        TimerStop;
        TimerStop;
        TimerStart;
        TimerStop;
        TimerStop;
        TimerStop;
        TimerStop;
        TimerSetValue;
        TimerStart;
        TimerStop;
        TimerStart;
        TimerStop;
        TimerStart;
        TimerStop;
        TimerSetValue;
        TimerStart;
        TimerStop;
        TimerStart;
        TimerSetValue;
        TimerStart;
        TimerStop;
        TimerStart;
        TimerStop;
        TimerStop;
        TimerStart;
        TimerStop;
        TimerStop;
        TimerStop;
        TimerStop;
        TimerSetValue;
        TimerStart;
        TimerStop;
        TimerStart;
        TimerStop;
        TimerStart;
        TimerStop;
        TimerSetValue;
        TimerStart;
        TimerStop;
        TimerStart;
        TimerSetValue;
        TimerStart;
        TimerStop;
        TimerStart;
        TimerStop;
        TimerStop;
        TimerStart;
        TimerStop;
        TimerStop;
        TimerStop;
        TimerStop;
        TimerSetValue;
        TimerStart;
        TimerStop;
        TimerStart;
        TimerStop;
        TimerStart;
        TimerStop;
        TimerSetValue;
        TimerStart;
        TimerStop;
        TimerStart;
        TimerSetValue;
        TimerStart;
        TimerStop;
        TimerStart;
        TimerStop;
        TimerStop;
        TimerStart;
        TimerStop;
        TimerStop;
        TimerStop;
        TimerStop;
        TimerSetValue;
        TimerStart;
        TimerStop;
        TimerStart;
        TimerStop;
        TimerStart;
        TimerStop;
        TimerSetValue;
        TimerStart;
        TimerStop;
        TimerStart;
        TimerSetValue;
        TimerStart;
        TimerStop;
        TimerStart;
        TimerStop;
        TimerStop;
        TimerStart;
        TimerStop;
        TimerStop;
        TimerStop;
        TimerStop;
        TimerSetValue;
        TimerStart;
        TimerStop;
        TimerStart;
        TimerStop;
        TimerStart;
        TimerStop;
        TimerSetValue;
        TimerStart;
        TimerStop;
        TimerStart;
        TimerSetValue;
        TimerStart;
        TimerStop;
        TimerStart;
        TimerStop;
        TimerStop;
        TimerStart;
        TimerStop;
        TimerStop;
        TimerStop;
        TimerStop;
        TimerSetValue;
        TimerStart;
        TimerStop;
        TimerStart;
        TimerStop;
        TimerStart;
        TimerStop;
        TimerSetValue;
        TimerStart;
        TimerStop;
        TimerStart;
        TimerSetValue;
        TimerStart;
        TimerStop;
        TimerStart;
        TimerStop;
        TimerStop;
        TimerStart;
        TimerStop;
        TimerStop;
        TimerStop;
        TimerStop;
        TimerSetValue;
        TimerStart;
        TimerStop;
        TimerStart;
        TimerStop;
        TimerStart;
        TimerStop;
        TimerSetValue;
        TimerStart;
        TimerStop;
        TimerStart;
        TimerSetValue;
        TimerStart;
        TimerStop;
        TimerStart;
        TimerStop;
        TimerStop;
        TimerStart;
        TimerStop;
        TimerStop;
        TimerStop;
    结尾;
    Start-->LoRaMacInitialization;
    LoRaMacInitialization-->TimerInit;
    TimerInit-->SX126xIoInit;
    SX126xIoInit-->SX126xSetTx;
    SX126xSetTx-->SX126xSetPaConfig;
    SX126xSetPaConfig-->TimerInit;
    TimerInit-->RadioSetModem;
    RadioSetModem-->RadioSetPublicNetwork;
    RadioSetPublicNetwork-->RadioSleep;
    RadioSleep-->RadioSetModem;
    RadioSetModem-->RadioSetPublicNetwork;
    RadioSetPublicNetwork-->TimerInit;
    TimerInit-->RadioSetChannel;
    RadioSetChannel-->RadioSetTxConfig;
    RadioSetTxConfig-->RadioStandby;
    RadioStandby-->RadioSetModem;
    RadioSetModem-->SX126xSetTx;
    SX126xSetTx-->SX126xSetPaConfig;
    SX126xSetPaConfig-->RadioSend;
    RadioSend-->TimerStop;
    TimerStop-->TimerStart;
    TimerStart-->TimerInit;
    TimerInit-->TimerSetValue;
    TimerSetValue-->TimerStop;
    TimerStop-->TimerSetValue;
    TimerSetValue-->TimerStart;
    TimerStart-->TimerStop;
    TimerStop-->TimerStart;
    TimerStart-->RadioIrqProcess;
    RadioIrqProcess-->TimerStop;
    TimerStop-->RadioIrqProcess;
    RadioIrqProcess-->RadioSleep;
    RadioSleep-->TimerSetValue;
    TimerSetValue-->TimerStart;
    TimerStart-->TimerStop;
    TimerStop-->TimerStart;
    TimerStart-->TimerSetValue;
    TimerSetValue-->TimerStart;
    TimerStart-->TimerStop;
    TimerStop-->TimerStart;
    TimerStart-->TimerStop;
    TimerStop-->RadioStandby;
    RadioStandby-->RadioSetChannel;
    RadioSetChannel-->RadioSetRxConfig;
    RadioSetRxConfig-->RadioStandby;
    RadioStandby-->RadioSetModem;
    RadioSetModem-->RadioSetRxConfig;
    RadioSetRxConfig-->RadioRx;
    RadioRx-->TimerStop;
    TimerStop-->TimerStart;
    TimerStart-->RadioIrqProcess;
    RadioIrqProcess-->TimerStop;
    TimerStop-->RadioIrqProcess;
    RadioIrqProcess-->RadioSleep;
    RadioSleep-->TimerStop;
    TimerStop-->LmHandlerSend;
    LmHandlerSend-->RadioSetChannel;
    RadioSetChannel-->RadioSetTxConfig;
    RadioSetTxConfig-->RadioStandby;
    RadioStandby-->RadioSetModem;
    RadioSetModem-->SX126xSetTx;
    SX126xSetTx-->SX126xSetPaConfig;
    SX126xSetPaConfig-->RadioSend;
    RadioSend-->TimerStop;
    TimerStop-->TimerStart;
    TimerStart-->RadioIrqProcess;
    RadioIrqProcess-->TimerStop;
    TimerStop-->RadioIrqProcess;
    RadioIrqProcess-->RadioSleep;
    RadioSleep-->TimerSetValue;
    TimerSetValue-->TimerStart;
    TimerStart-->TimerStop;
    TimerStop-->TimerStart;
    TimerStart-->TimerSetValue;
    TimerSetValue-->TimerStart;
    TimerStart-->TimerStop;
    TimerStop-->TimerStart;
    TimerStart-->TimerStop;
    TimerStop-->RadioStandby;
    RadioStandby-->RadioSetChannel;
    RadioSetChannel-->RadioSetRxConfig;
    RadioSetRxConfig-->RadioStandby;
    RadioStandby-->RadioSetModem;
    RadioSetModem-->RadioSetRxConfig;
    RadioSetRxConfig-->RadioRx;
    RadioRx-->TimerStop;
    TimerStop-->TimerStart;
    TimerStart-->RadioIrqProcess;
    RadioIrqProcess-->TimerStop;
    TimerStop-->RadioIrqProcess;
    RadioIrqProcess-->RadioSleep;
    RadioSleep-->TimerStop;
    TimerStop-->TimerSetValue;
    TimerSetValue-->TimerStart;
    TimerStart-->TimerStop;
    TimerStop-->TimerStart;
    TimerStart-->RadioIrqProcess;
    RadioIrqProcess-->LmHandlerSend;
    LmHandlerSend-->RadioSetChannel;
    RadioSetChannel-->RadioSetTxConfig;
    RadioSetTxConfig-->RadioStandby;
    RadioStandby-->RadioSetModem;
    RadioSetModem-->SX126xSetTx;
    SX126xSetTx-->SX126xSetPaConfig;
    SX126xSetPaConfig-->RadioSend;
    RadioSend-->TimerStop;
    TimerStop-->TimerStart;
    TimerStart-->RadioIrqProcess;
    RadioIrqProcess-->TimerStop;
    TimerStop-->RadioSleep;
    RadioSleep-->TimerSetValue;
    TimerSetValue-->TimerStart;
    TimerStart-->TimerStop;
    TimerStop-->TimerStart;
    TimerStart-->TimerSetValue;
    TimerSetValue-->TimerStart;
    TimerStart-->TimerStop;
    TimerStop-->TimerStart;
    TimerStart-->TimerStop;
    TimerStop-->RadioStandby;
    RadioStandby-->RadioSetChannel;
    RadioSetChannel-->RadioSetRxConfig;
    RadioSetRxConfig-->RadioStandby;
    RadioStandby-->RadioSetModem;
    RadioSetModem-->RadioSetRxConfig;
    RadioSetRxConfig-->RadioRx;
    RadioRx-->TimerStop;
    TimerStop-->TimerStart;
    TimerStart-->RadioIrqProcess;
    RadioIrqProcess-->TimerStop;
    TimerStop-->RadioIrqProcess;
    RadioIrqProcess-->RadioSleep;
    RadioSleep-->TimerStop;
    TimerStop-->TimerSetValue;
    TimerSetValue-->TimerStart;
    TimerStart-->TimerStop;
    TimerStop-->TimerStart;
    TimerStart-->RadioIrqProcess;
    RadioIrqProcess-->LmHandlerSend;
    LmHandlerSend-->RadioSetChannel;
    RadioSetChannel-->RadioSetTxConfig;
    RadioSetTxConfig-->RadioStandby;
    RadioStandby-->RadioSetModem;
    RadioSetModem-->SX126xSetTx;
    SX126xSetTx-->SX126xSetPaConfig;
    SX126xSetPaConfig-->RadioSend;
    RadioSend-->TimerStop;
    TimerStop-->TimerStart;
    TimerStart-->RadioIrqProcess;
    RadioIrqProcess-->TimerStop;
    TimerStop-->RadioIrqProcess;
    RadioIrqProcess-->RadioSleep;
    RadioSleep-->TimerSetValue;
    TimerSetValue-->TimerStart;
    TimerStart-->TimerStop;
    TimerStop-->TimerStart;
    TimerStart-->TimerSetValue;
    TimerSetValue-->TimerStart;
    TimerStart-->TimerStop;
    TimerStop-->TimerStart;
    TimerStart-->TimerStop;
    TimerStop-->RadioStandby;
    RadioStandby-->RadioSetChannel;
    RadioSetChannel-->RadioSetRxConfig;
    RadioSetRxConfig-->RadioStandby;
    RadioStandby-->RadioSetModem;
    RadioSetModem-->RadioSetRxConfig;
    RadioSetRxConfig-->RadioRx;
    RadioRx-->TimerStop;
    TimerStop-->TimerStart;
    TimerStart-->RadioIrqProcess;
    RadioIrqProcess-->TimerStop;
    TimerStop-->RadioIrqProcess;
    RadioIrqProcess-->RadioSleep;
    RadioSleep-->TimerStop;
    TimerStop-->TimerSetValue;
    TimerSetValue-->TimerStart;
    TimerStart-->TimerStop;
    TimerStop-->TimerStart;
    TimerStart-->RadioIrqProcess;
    RadioIrqProcess-->LmHandlerSend;
    LmHandlerSend-->RadioSetChannel;
    RadioSetChannel-->RadioSetTxConfig;
    RadioSetTxConfig-->RadioStandby;
    RadioStandby-->RadioSetModem;
    RadioSetModem-->SX126xSetTx;
    SX126xSetTx-->SX126xSetPaConfig;
    SX126xSetPaConfig-->RadioSend;
    RadioSend-->TimerStop;
    TimerStop-->TimerStart;
    TimerStart-->RadioIrqProcess;
    RadioIrqProcess-->TimerStop;
    TimerStop-->RadioIrqProcess;
    RadioIrqProcess-->RadioSleep;
    RadioSleep-->TimerSetValue;
    TimerSetValue-->TimerStart;
    TimerStart-->TimerStop;
    TimerStop-->TimerStart;
    TimerStart-->TimerSetValue;
    TimerSetValue-->TimerStart;
    TimerStart-->TimerStop;
    TimerStop-->TimerStart;
    TimerStart-->TimerStop;
    TimerStop-->RadioStandby;
    RadioStandby-->RadioSetChannel;
    RadioSetChannel-->RadioSetRxConfig;
    RadioSetRxConfig-->RadioStandby;
    RadioStandby-->RadioSetModem;
    RadioSetModem-->RadioSetRxConfig;
    RadioSetRxConfig-->RadioRx;
    RadioRx-->TimerStop;
    TimerStop-->TimerStart;
    TimerStart-->RadioIrqProcess;
    RadioIrqProcess-->TimerStop;
    TimerStop-->RadioIrqProcess;
    RadioIrqProcess-->RadioSleep;
    RadioSleep-->TimerStop;
    TimerStop-->TimerSetValue;
    TimerSetValue-->TimerStart;
    TimerStart-->TimerStop;
    TimerStop-->TimerStart;
    TimerStart-->RadioIrqProcess;
    RadioIrqProcess-->LmHandlerSend;
    LmHandlerSend-->RadioSetChannel;
    RadioSetChannel-->RadioSetTxConfig;
    RadioSetTxConfig-->RadioStandby;
    RadioStandby-->RadioSetModem;
    RadioSetModem-->SX126xSetTx;
    SX126xSetTx-->SX126xSetPaConfig;
    SX126xSetPaConfig-->RadioSend;
    RadioSend-->TimerStop;
    TimerStop-->TimerStart;
    TimerStart-->RadioIrqProcess;
    RadioIrqProcess-->TimerStop;
    TimerStop-->RadioIrqProcess;
    RadioIrqProcess-->RadioSleep;
    RadioSleep-->TimerSetValue;
    TimerSetValue-->TimerStart;
    TimerStart-->TimerStop;
    TimerStop-->TimerStart;
    TimerStart-->TimerSetValue;
    TimerSetValue-->TimerStart;
    TimerStart-->TimerStop;
    TimerStop-->TimerStart;
    TimerStart-->TimerStop;
    TimerStop-->RadioStandby;
    RadioStandby-->RadioSetChannel;
    RadioSetChannel-->RadioSetRxConfig;
    RadioSetRxConfig-->RadioStandby;
    RadioStandby-->RadioSetModem;
    RadioSetModem-->RadioSetRxConfig;
    RadioSetRxConfig-->RadioRx;
    RadioRx-->TimerStop;
    TimerStop-->TimerStart;
    TimerStart-->RadioIrqProcess;
    RadioIrqProcess-->TimerStop;
    TimerStop-->RadioIrqProcess;
    RadioIrqProcess-->RadioSleep;
    RadioSleep-->TimerStop;
    TimerStop-->TimerSetValue;
    TimerSetValue-->TimerStart;
    TimerStart-->TimerStop;
    TimerStop-->TimerStart;
    TimerStart-->RadioIrqProcess;
    RadioIrqProcess-->LmHandlerSend;
    LmHandlerSend-->RadioSetChannel;
    RadioSetChannel-->RadioSetTxConfig;
    RadioSetTxConfig-->RadioStandby;
    RadioStandby-->RadioSetModem;
    RadioSetModem-->SX126xSetTx;
    SX126xSetTx-->SX126xSetPaConfig;
    SX126xSetPaConfig-->RadioSend;
    RadioSend-->TimerStop;
    TimerStop-->TimerStart;
    TimerStart-->RadioIrqProcess;
    RadioIrqProcess-->TimerStop;
    TimerStop-->RadioIrqProcess;
    RadioIrqProcess-->RadioSleep;
    RadioSleep-->TimerSetValue;
    TimerSetValue-->TimerStart;
    TimerStart-->TimerStop;
    TimerStop-->TimerStart;
    TimerStart-->TimerSetValue;
    TimerSetValue-->TimerStart;
    TimerStart-->TimerStop;
    TimerStop-->TimerStart;
    TimerStart-->TimerStop;
    TimerStop-->RadioStandby;
    RadioStandby-->RadioSetChannel;
    RadioSetChannel-->RadioSetRxConfig;
    RadioSetRxConfig-->RadioStandby;
    RadioStandby-->RadioSetModem;
    RadioSetModem-->RadioSetRxConfig;
    RadioSetRxConfig-->RadioRx;
    RadioRx-->TimerStop;
    TimerStop-->TimerStart;
    TimerStart-->RadioIrqProcess;
    RadioIrqProcess-->TimerStop;
    TimerStop-->RadioIrqProcess;
    RadioIrqProcess-->RadioSleep;
    RadioSleep-->TimerStop;
    TimerStop-->TimerSetValue;
    TimerSetValue-->TimerStart;
    TimerStart-->TimerStop;
    TimerStop-->TimerStart;
    TimerStart-->RadioIrqProcess;
    RadioIrqProcess-->LmHandlerSend;
    LmHandlerSend-->RadioSetChannel;
    RadioSetChannel-->RadioSetTxConfig;
    RadioSetTxConfig-->RadioStandby;
    RadioStandby-->RadioSetModem;
    RadioSetModem-->SX126xSetTx;
    SX126xSetTx-->SX126xSetPaConfig;
    SX126xSetPaConfig-->RadioSend;
    RadioSend-->TimerStop;
    TimerStop-->TimerStart;
    TimerStart-->RadioIrqProcess;
    RadioIrqProcess-->TimerStop;
    TimerStop-->RadioIrqProcess;
    RadioIrqProcess-->RadioSleep;
    RadioSleep-->TimerSetValue;
    TimerSetValue-->TimerStart;
    TimerStart-->TimerStop;
    TimerStop-->TimerStart;
    TimerStart-->TimerSetValue;
    TimerSetValue-->TimerStart;
    TimerStart-->TimerStop;
    TimerStop-->TimerStart;
    TimerStart-->TimerStop;
    TimerStop-->RadioStandby;
    RadioStandby-->RadioSetChannel;
    RadioSetChannel-->RadioSetRxConfig;
    RadioSetRxConfig-->RadioStandby;
    RadioStandby-->RadioSetModem;
    RadioSetModem-->RadioSetRxConfig;
    RadioSetRxConfig-->RadioRx;
    RadioRx-->TimerStop;
    TimerStop-->TimerStart;
    TimerStart-->RadioIrqProcess;
    RadioIrqProcess-->TimerStop;
    TimerStop-->RadioIrqProcess;
    RadioIrqProcess-->RadioSleep;
    RadioSleep-->TimerStop;
    TimerStop-->TimerSetValue;
    TimerSetValue-->TimerStart;
    TimerStart-->TimerStop;
    TimerStop-->TimerStart;
    TimerStart-->RadioIrqProcess;
    RadioIrqProcess-->LmHandlerSend;
    LmHandlerSend-->RadioSetChannel;
    RadioSetChannel-->RadioSetTxConfig;
    RadioSetTxConfig-->RadioStandby;
    RadioStandby-->RadioSetModem;
    RadioSetModem-->SX126xSetTx;
    SX126xSetTx-->SX126xSetPaConfig;
    SX126xSetPaConfig-->RadioSend;
    RadioSend-->TimerStop;
    TimerStop-->TimerStart;
    TimerStart-->RadioIrqProcess;
    RadioIrqProcess-->TimerStop;
    TimerStop-->RadioIrqProcess;
    RadioIrqProcess-->RadioSleep;
    RadioSleep-->TimerSetValue;
    TimerSetValue-->TimerStart;
    TimerStart-->TimerStop;
    TimerStop-->TimerStart;
    TimerStart-->TimerSetValue;
    TimerSetValue-->TimerStart;
    TimerStart-->TimerStop;
    TimerStop-->TimerStart;
    TimerStart-->TimerStop;
    TimerStop-->RadioStandby;
    RadioStandby-->RadioSetChannel;
    RadioSetChannel-->RadioSetRxConfig;
    RadioSetRxConfig-->RadioStandby;
    RadioStandby-->RadioSetModem;
    RadioSetModem-->RadioSetRxConfig;
    RadioSetRxConfig-->RadioRx;
    RadioRx-->TimerStop;
    TimerStop-->TimerStart;
    TimerStart-->RadioIrqProcess;
    RadioIrqProcess-->TimerStop;
    TimerStop-->RadioIrqProcess;
    RadioIrqProcess-->RadioSleep;
    RadioSleep-->TimerStop;
    TimerStop-->TimerSetValue;
    TimerSetValue-->TimerStart;
    TimerStart-->TimerStop;
    TimerStop-->TimerStart;
    TimerStart-->RadioIrqProcess;
    RadioIrqProcess-->LmHandlerSend;
    LmHandlerSend-->RadioSetChannel;
    RadioSetChannel-->RadioSetTxConfig;
    RadioSetTxConfig-->RadioStandby;
    RadioStandby-->RadioSetModem;
    RadioSetModem-->SX126xSetTx;
    SX126xSetTx-->SX126xSetPaConfig;
    SX126xSetPaConfig-->RadioSend;
    RadioSend-->TimerStop;
    TimerStop-->TimerStart;
    TimerStart-->RadioIrqProcess;
    RadioIrqProcess-->TimerStop;
    TimerStop-->RadioIrqProcess;
    RadioIrqProcess-->RadioSleep;
    RadioSleep-->TimerSetValue;
    TimerSetValue-->TimerStart;
    TimerStart-->TimerStop;
    TimerStop-->TimerStart;
    TimerStart-->TimerSetValue;
    TimerSetValue-->TimerStart;
    TimerStart-->TimerStop;
    TimerStop-->TimerStart;
    TimerStart-->TimerStop;
    TimerStop-->RadioStandby;
    RadioStandby-->RadioSetChannel;
    RadioSetChannel-->RadioSetRxConfig;
    RadioSetRxConfig-->RadioStandby;
    RadioStandby-->RadioSetModem;
    RadioSetModem-->RadioSetRxConfig;
    RadioSetRxConfig-->RadioRx;
    RadioRx-->TimerStop;
    TimerStop-->TimerStart;
    TimerStart-->RadioIrqProcess;
    RadioIrqProcess-->TimerStop;
    TimerStop-->RadioIrqProcess;
    RadioIrqProcess-->RadioSleep;
    RadioSleep-->TimerStop;
    TimerStop-->TimerSetValue;
    TimerSetValue-->TimerStart;
    TimerStart-->TimerStop;
    TimerStop-->TimerStart;
    TimerStart-->RadioIrqProcess;
    RadioIrqProcess-->LmHandlerSend;
    LmHandlerSend-->RadioSetChannel;
    RadioSetChannel-->RadioSetTxConfig;
    RadioSetTxConfig-->RadioStandby;
    RadioStandby-->RadioSetModem;
    RadioSetModem-->SX126xSetTx;
    SX126xSetTx-->SX126xSetPaConfig;
    SX126xSetPaConfig-->RadioSend;
    RadioSend-->TimerStop;
    TimerStop-->TimerStart;
    TimerStart-->RadioIrqProcess;
    RadioIrqProcess-->TimerStop;
    TimerStop-->RadioIrqProcess;
    RadioIrqProcess-->RadioSleep;
    RadioSleep-->TimerSetValue;
    TimerSetValue-->TimerStart;
    TimerStart-->TimerStop;
    TimerStop-->TimerStart;
    TimerStart-->TimerSetValue;
    TimerSetValue-->TimerStart;
    TimerStart-->TimerStop;
    TimerStop-->TimerStart;
    TimerStart-->TimerStop;
    TimerStop-->RadioStandby;
    RadioStandby-->RadioSetChannel;
    RadioSetChannel-->RadioSetRxConfig;
    RadioSetRxConfig-->RadioStandby;
    RadioStandby-->RadioSetModem;
    RadioSetModem-->RadioSetRxConfig;
    RadioSetRxConfig-->RadioRx;
    RadioRx-->TimerStop;
    TimerStop-->TimerStart;
    TimerStart-->RadioIrqProcess;
    RadioIrqProcess-->TimerStop;
    TimerStop-->RadioIrqProcess;
    RadioIrqProcess-->RadioSleep;
    RadioSleep-->TimerStop;
    TimerStop-->TimerSetValue;
    TimerSetValue-->TimerStart;
    TimerStart-->TimerStop;
    TimerStop-->TimerStart;
    TimerStart-->RadioIrqProcess;
    RadioIrqProcess-->LmHandlerSend;
    LmHandlerSend-->RadioSetChannel;
    RadioSetChannel-->RadioSetTxConfig;
    RadioSetTxConfig-->RadioStandby;
    RadioStandby-->RadioSetModem;
    RadioSetModem-->SX126xSetTx;
    SX126xSetTx-->SX126xSetPaConfig;
    SX126xSetPaConfig-->RadioSend;
    RadioSend-->TimerStop;
    TimerStop-->TimerStart;
    TimerStart-->RadioIrqProcess;
    RadioIrqProcess-->TimerStop;
    TimerStop-->RadioIrqProcess;
    RadioIrqProcess-->RadioSleep;
    RadioSleep-->TimerSetValue;
    TimerSetValue-->TimerStart;
    TimerStart-->TimerStop;
    TimerStop-->TimerStart;
    TimerStart-->TimerSetValue;
    TimerSetValue-->TimerStart;
    TimerStart-->TimerStop;
    TimerStop-->TimerStart;
    TimerStart-->TimerStop;
    TimerStop-->RadioStandby;
    RadioStandby-->RadioSetChannel;
    RadioSetChannel-->RadioSetRxConfig;
    RadioSetRxConfig-->RadioStandby;
    RadioStandby-->RadioSetModem;
    RadioSetModem-->RadioSetRxConfig;
    RadioSetRxConfig-->RadioRx;
    RadioRx-->TimerStop;
    TimerStop-->TimerStart;
    TimerStart-->RadioIrqProcess;
    RadioIrqProcess-->TimerStop;
    TimerStop-->RadioIrqProcess;
    RadioIrqProcess-->RadioSleep;
    RadioSleep-->TimerStop;
    TimerStop-->TimerSetValue;
    TimerSetValue-->TimerStart;
    TimerStart-->TimerStop;
    TimerStop-->TimerStart;
    TimerStart-->RadioIrqProcess;
    RadioIrqProcess-->LmHandlerSend;
    LmHandlerSend-->RadioSetChannel;
    RadioSetChannel-->RadioSetTxConfig;
    RadioSetTxConfig-->RadioStandby;
    RadioStandby-->RadioSetModem;
    RadioSetModem-->SX126xSetTx;
    SX126xSetTx-->SX126xSetPaConfig;
    SX126xSetPaConfig-->RadioSend;
    RadioSend-->TimerStop;
    TimerStop-->TimerStart;
    TimerStart-->RadioIrqProcess;
    RadioIrqProcess-->TimerStop;
    TimerStop-->RadioIrqProcess;
    RadioIrqProcess-->RadioSleep;
    RadioSleep-->TimerSetValue;
    TimerSetValue-->TimerStart;
    TimerStart-->TimerStop;
    TimerStop-->TimerStart;
    TimerStart-->TimerSetValue;
    TimerSetValue-->TimerStart;
    TimerStart-->TimerStop;
    TimerStop-->TimerStart;
    TimerStart-->TimerStop;
    TimerStop-->RadioStandby;
    RadioStandby-->RadioSetChannel;
    RadioSetChannel-->RadioSetRxConfig;
    RadioSetRxConfig-->RadioStandby;
    RadioStandby-->RadioSetModem;
    RadioSetModem-->RadioSetRxConfig;
    RadioSetRxConfig-->RadioRx;
    RadioRx-->TimerStop;
    TimerStop-->TimerStart;
    TimerStart-->RadioIrqProcess;
    RadioIrqProcess-->TimerStop;
    TimerStop-->RadioIrqProcess;
    RadioIrqProcess-->RadioSleep;
    RadioSleep-->TimerStop;
    TimerStop-->End;

Constrain the Call Graph

托多

Out Of Memory

Zig Compiler crashes when we run this code to group the C Functions by Module...

zig-bl602-nuttx/reflect.zig

Lines 825 to 1086 in f5a5c82

	///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
	// 反射
	// Do Type Reflection on the imported C functions
	fn reflect () void {
	// We run this at Compile-Time (instead of Runtime)...
	comptime {
	// Allow Zig Compiler to loop up to 100,000,000 times (Default is 1,000)
	@setEvalBranchQuota ( 100_000_000 );
	// Test Zig Reflection
	test_reflection ();
	// Define the Modules and the First Function in each Module
	var all_modules = [ _ ] Module {
	模块{
	。 name = "LoRaWAN" ,
	。 first_function = "LoRaMacInitialization" ,
	。 first_index = undefined ,
	}，，
	模块{
	。 name = "SX1262" ,
	。 first_function = "SX126xIoInit" ,
	。 first_index = undefined ,
	}，，
	模块{
	。 name = "NimBLE" ,
	。 first_function = "TimerInit" ,
	。 first_index = undefined ,
	}，，
	};
	// Set the C Declaration Index for every Module
	for ( all_modules ) | map , m | {
	// Find the C Declaration Index for the Module's First Function
	if ( get_decl_by_name ( map . first_function )) | decl_index | {
	// Set the index
	all_modules [ m ]. first_index = decl_index ;
	@compileLog ( "Found module function: " , all_modules [ m ]. first_function , map . name , decl_index );
	}别的{
	// Missing Declaration
	@compileLog ( "C Declaration not found for module: " , map . name , map . first_function );
	}
	} // End of Module
	// Start Top-Down Flowchart
	@compileLog ( "flowchart TD;" );
	// Render all Modules and their Functions as Subgraphs
	render_modules ( & all_modules );
	// Render the Call Graph for all functions in the Call Log
	render_call_graph ( & all_modules );
	} // End of Compile-Time Code
	}
	/// Render all Modules and their Functions as Subgraphs
	fn render_modules ( all_modules : [] Module ) void {
	comptime {
	// Render every Module
	for ( all_modules ) | module , m | {
	@compileLog ( " subgraph " , module . name , ";" );
	// For every line in the Call Log...
	var call_log_split = std . mem . split ( u8 , call_log , " n " );
	while ( call_log_split . next ()) |线| {
	var T = @typeInfo ( c );
	// If the the Call Log matches a C Declaration...
	if ( get_decl_by_name ( line )) | decl_index | {
	// Get the Module Index for the C Declaration
	if ( get_module_by_decl ( all_modules , decl_index )) | m2 | {
	// If the C Declaration matches our Module Index...
	if ( m == m2 ) {
	// Print the Function Name
	var name = T . Struct . decls [ decl_index ].姓名;
	@compileLog ( " " , name , ";" );
	}
	}
	}
	} // End of Call Log
	@compileLog ( " end;" );
	} // End of Module
	}
	}
	/// Render the Call Graph for all functions in the Call Log
	fn render_call_graph ( all_modules : [] Module ) void {
	comptime {
	_ = all_modules ;
	var prev_index : usize = 0 ;
	// For every line in the Call Log...
	var call_log_split = std . mem . split ( u8 , call_log , " n " );
	while ( call_log_split . next ()) |线| {
	var T2 = @typeInfo ( c );
	// If the the Call Log matches a C Declaration...
	if ( get_decl_by_name ( line )) | decl_index | {
	// Skip calls to self
	if ( decl_index == prev_index ) { continue ; }
	// Get the C Function Name
	var name = T2 . Struct . decls [ decl_index ].姓名;
	var prev_name =
	if ( prev_index == 0 ) "Start"
	else T2 . Struct . decls [ prev_index ].姓名;
	// Draw the graph: [previous function]-->[current function]
	@compileLog ( " " , prev_name , "-->" , name , ";" );
	prev_index = decl_index ;
	}
	} // End of Call Log
	var T2 = @typeInfo ( c );
	var prev_name = T2 . Struct . decls [ prev_index ].姓名;
	@compileLog ( " " , prev_name , "-->" , "End" , ";" );
	}
	}
	/// Get the index of the Module that contains the C Declaration Index
	fn get_module_by_decl ( all_modules : [] Module , decl_index : usize ) ? usize {
	comptime {
	var m : ? usize = null ;
	var diff : usize = undefined ;
	// Find the Module that best matches the C Declaration Index
	for ( all_modules ) | module , m2 | {
	// Overshot the C Declaration Index, skip it
	if ( decl_index <= module . first_index ) { continue ; }
	var diff2 = decl_index - module . first_index ;
	if ( m ) | _ | {
	// If this Module is closer than the last one...
	if ( decl_index - module . first_index < diff ) {
	// Remember this Module
	diff = decl_index - module . first_index ;
	m = m2 ;
	}
	}别的{
	// First matching Module
	m = m2 ;
	diff = diff2 ;
	}
	}
	return m ;
	}
	}
	/// Return the C Declaration Index for the Function Name.
	/// We match the C Declaration Name against the start of the Function Name.
	fn get_decl_by_name ( name : [] const u8 ) ? usize {
	comptime {
	const T = @typeInfo ( c );
	// For every C Declaration...
	for ( T . Struct . decls ) | decl , i | {
	if ( std . mem . eql ( u8 , decl . name , "Radio" )) { continue ; } // Skip Radio
	// If the C Declaration matches the Call Log...
	if ( std . mem . startsWith ( u8 , name , decl . name )) {
	// Return the C Declaration Index
	return i ;
	}
	} // End of C Declaration
	return null ; // 未找到
	}
	}
	/// Test Zig Reflection
	fn test_reflection () void {
	comptime {
	// Get the Type Info of the C Namespace
	const T = @typeInfo ( c );
	// Show the Type Info of the C Namespace (Struct)
	@compileLog ( "@typeInfo(c): " , T );
	// Shows | *"@typeInfo(c): ", std.builtin.Type { .Struct = (struct std.builtin.Type.Struct constant)}
	// Show the number of Fields in the C Namespace (0)
	@compileLog ( "T.Struct.fields.len: " , T . Struct . fields . len );
	// Shows | *"T.Struct.fields.len: ", 0
	// Show the number of Declarations in the C Namespace (4743)
	@compileLog ( "T.Struct.decls.len: " , T . Struct . decls . len );
	// Shows | *"T.Struct.decls.len: ", 4743
	// Show the first Declaration in the C Namespace (__builtin_bswap16)
	@compileLog ( "T.Struct.decls[0].name: " , T . Struct . decls [ 0 ]. name );
	// Shows | *"T.Struct.decls[0].name: ", "__builtin_bswap16"
	// Remember the C Header
	var header : [] const u8 = "" ;
	// For every C Declaration...
	for ( T . Struct . decls ) | decl , i | {
	var T2 = @typeInfo ( c );
	// If the C Declaration ends with "_H"...
	如果（
	std . mem . endsWith ( u8 , decl . name , "_H" ) or
	std . mem . endsWith ( u8 , decl . name , "_H_" ) or
	std . mem . endsWith ( u8 , decl . name , "_H__" )
	）{
	// Dump the C Header and remember it
	var name = T2 . Struct . decls [ i ].姓名;
	@compileLog ( "-----" , name );
	header = name ;
	// Else if we have seen a header...
	//} else if (!std.mem.eql(u8, header, "")) {
	//} else if (std.mem.startsWith(u8, decl.name, "Lm")) {
	}别的{
	// Dump the C Declaration
	var name = T2 . Struct . decls [ i ].姓名;
	@compileLog ( "decl.name:" , name );
	}
	// Strangely we can't do this...
	// @compileLog("decl.name:", decl.name);
	// Because it shows...
	// *"decl.name:", []const u8{76,109,110,83,116,97,116,117,115,95,116}
	@compileLog ( "break for debugging" );
	休息; //// For Debugging
	} // End of C Declaration
	// Show the Type Info for our Zig Namespace
	const ThisType = @typeInfo ( @This ());
	@compileLog ( "ThisType: " , ThisType );
	@compileLog ( "ThisType.Struct.decls.len: " , ThisType . Struct . decls . len );
	@compileLog ( "ThisType.Struct.decls[0].name: " , ThisType . Struct . decls [ 0 ]. name );
	@compileLog ( "ThisType.Struct.decls[1].name: " , ThisType . Struct . decls [ 1 ]. name );
	@compileLog ( "ThisType.Struct.decls[2].name: " , ThisType . Struct . decls [ 2 ]. name );
	// Shows...
	// | *"ThisType: ", std.builtin.Type { .Struct = (struct std.builtin.Type.Struct constant)}
	// | *"ThisType.Struct.decls.len: ", 66
	// | *"ThisType.Struct.decls[0].name: ", "std"
	// | *"ThisType.Struct.decls[1].name: ", "c"
	// | *"ThisType.Struct.decls[2].name: ", "ACTIVE_REGION"
	}
	}
	/// Module Definition
	const Module = struct {
	/// Module Name, like "LoRaWAN"
	name : [] const u8 ,
	/// Name of First Function in the Module, like "LoRaMacInitialization"
	first_function : [] const u8 ,
	/// Index of the First Function in C Declarations
	first_index : usize ,
	};

Here is the Output Log...

https://gist.github.com/lupyuen/5738abefa9d4c138e9d731e22d01500f

On macOS, Zig Compiler consumes over 34 GB of memory and crashes...

(On WSL, Zig Compiler hangs the WSL process when it consumes over 4 GB of memory)

This happens because our code loops repeatedly over 4,700 C Declarations while processing 1,500 lines of Raw Call Logs .

Let's optimise our code.

Fix Out Of Memory

Our code searches for a C Declaration by looping repeatedly over 4,700 C Declarations like so...

 /// Return the C Declaration Index for the Function Name.
/// We match the C Declaration Name against the start of the Function Name.
/// This is the slower, unfiltered version that searches all C Declarations.
fn get_decl_by_name ( name : [] const u8 ) ? usize {
    comptime {
        const T = @typeInfo ( c );

        // For every C Declaration...
        for ( T . Struct . decls ) | decl , i | {
            if ( std . mem . eql ( u8 , decl . name , "Radio" )) { continue ; }  // Skip Radio

            // If the C Declaration starts with the Function Name...
            if ( std . mem . startsWith ( u8 , name , decl . name )) {

                // Return the C Declaration Index
                return i ;
            }
        }   // End of C Declaration
        return null ;  // Not found
    }
}

（来源）

Which causes Zig Compiler to crash with Out Of Memory. But we don't actually need to loop through all the C Declarations!

According to our list of Modules, we call only 173 Functions . Let's fix the above function so that we loop over the 173 Functions instead...

 /// Return the C Declaration Index for the Function Name.
/// We match the C Declaration Name against the start of the Function Name.
/// This is the faster, filtered version that searches C Declarations by Modules.
fn get_decl_by_name_filtered ( all_modules : [] Module , name : [] const u8 ) ? usize {
    comptime {
        const T = @typeInfo ( c );

        // Search all Modules for the Function Name
        for ( all_modules ) | module | {

            // For every C Declaration in the Module...
            var decl_index = module . first_index ;
            while ( decl_index <= module . last_index ) {

                // Get the C Declaration
                var decl = T . Struct . decls [ decl_index ];
                if ( std . mem . eql ( u8 , decl . name , "Radio" )) { continue ; }  // Skip Radio

                // If the C Declaration starts with the Function Name...
                if ( std . mem . startsWith ( u8 , name , decl . name )) {

                    // Return the C Declaration Index
                    return decl_index ;
                }
                decl_index += 1 ;
            }  // End of C Declaration
        }  // End of Module
        return null ;  // Not found
    }
}

（来源）

And our code runs OK with Zig Compiler!

(macOS, not WSL though)

Wishlist for Zig Compiler

Building a Call Graph at Compile-Time with Zig Compiler looks pretty challenging.

I hope that future versions of the Zig Compiler will support the following...

• Type Reflection for C Declarations will provide the full path of source files

  (Makes it easier to identify the module for each declaration)

• @compileLog will emit any kind of strings

  (So that @compileLog can generate proper Mermaid.js strings like " Start-->LoRaMacInitialization; ")