chan

陈

纯C实施GO频道。

未封闭的频道

未封闭的通道既提供了通信和同步的机制。当数据发送到频道时，发件人块直到接收器准备就绪为止。同样，接收器将阻止直到发件人准备就绪。

 #include <pthread.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include "chan.h"

chan_t * chan ;

void * ping ()
{
    // Send blocks until receiver is ready.
    chan_send ( chan , "ping" );
    return NULL ;
}

int main ()
{
    // Initialize unbuffered channel.
    chan = chan_init ( 0 );

    pthread_t th ;
    pthread_create ( & th , NULL , ping , NULL );

    // Receive blocks until sender is ready.
    void * msg ;
    chan_recv ( chan , & msg );
    printf ( "%sn" , msg );

    // Clean up channel.
    chan_dispose ( chan );
}

使用未封闭的通道，发件人和接收器已同步，因此上述程序将打印ping 。

缓冲通道

缓冲通道接受有限数量的值，而这些值没有相应的接收器。除非通道已满，否则发送数据将不会阻止。仅当通道为空时，接收数据才会阻止。

 #include <stdio.h>
#include "chan.h"

int main ()
{
    // Initialize buffered channel with a capacity of 2.
    chan_t * chan = chan_init ( 2 );

    // Send up to 2 values without receiver.
    chan_send ( chan , "buffered" );
    chan_send ( chan , "channel" );

    // Later receive the values.
    void * msg ;
    chan_recv ( chan , & msg );
    printf ( "%sn" , msg );

    chan_recv ( chan , & msg );
    printf ( "%sn" , msg );

    // Clean up channel.
    chan_dispose ( chan );
}

上面的程序将打印buffered ，然后channel 。发送不会阻止，因为通道的容量为2。在此之后发送更多的发送将阻止直到收到值。

关闭渠道

关闭通道时，不再可以在其上发送更多值。在封闭的通道上接收将返回通道已关闭的指示代码。这对于将完成与频道的接收器传达可能很有用。如果封闭的通道被缓冲，将在其上接收值，直到空。

 #include <pthread.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include "chan.h"

chan_t * jobs ;
chan_t * done ;

void * worker ()
{
    // Process jobs until channel is closed.
    void * job ;
    while ( chan_recv ( jobs , & job ) == 0 )
    {
        printf ( "received job %dn" , ( int ) job );
    }

    // Notify that all jobs were received.
    printf ( "received all jobsn" );
    chan_send ( done , "1" );
    return NULL ;
}

int main ()
{
    // Initialize channels.
    jobs = chan_init ( 5 );
    done = chan_init ( 0 );

    pthread_t th ;
    pthread_create ( & th , NULL , worker , NULL );

    // Send 3 jobs over the jobs channel then close it.
    int i ;
    for ( i = 1 ; i <= 3 ; i ++ )
    {
        chan_send ( jobs , ( void * ) ( uintptr_t ) i );
        printf ( "sent job %dn" , i );
    }
    chan_close ( jobs );
    printf ( "sent all jobsn" );

    // Wait for all jobs to be received.
    chan_recv ( done , NULL );

    // Clean up channels.
    chan_dispose ( jobs );
    chan_dispose ( done );
}

该程序将打印：

 sent job 1
received job 1
sent job 2
received job 2
sent job 3
received job 3
sent all jobs
received all jobs

选择语句

选择语句选择将继续进行哪一组可能的发送或接收操作。他们还提供了执行非阻滞发送和接收的方法。选择对于在多个渠道上多路复用沟通特别有用。

 #include <stdio.h>
#include "chan.h"

chan_t * messages ;
chan_t * signals ;

int main ()
{
    // Initialize channels.
    messages = chan_init ( 0 );
    signals = chan_init ( 0 );
    void * msg ;

    // This is a non-blocking receive. If a value is available on messages,
    // select will take the messages (0) case with that value. If not, it will
    // immediately take the default case.
    switch ( chan_select ( & messages , 1 , & msg , NULL , 0 , NULL ))
    {
        case 0 :
            printf ( "received message %sn" , msg );
            break ;
        default :
            printf ( "no message receivedn" );
    }

    // A non-blocking send works similarly.
    msg = "foo" ;
    switch ( chan_select ( NULL , 0 , NULL , & messages , 1 , & msg ))
    {
        case 0 :
            printf ( "sent message %sn" , msg );
            break ;
        default :
            printf ( "no message sentn" );
    }

    // We can use multiple cases above the default clause to implement a
    // multi-way non-blocking select. Here we attempt non-blocking receives on
    // both messages and signals.
    chan_t * chans [ 2 ] = { messages , signals };
    switch ( chan_select ( chans , 2 , & msg , NULL , 0 , NULL ))
    {
        case 0 :
            printf ( "received message %sn" , msg );
            break ;
        case 1 :
            printf ( "received signal %sn" , msg );
            break ;
        default :
            printf ( "no activityn" );
    }

    // Clean up channels.
    chan_dispose ( messages );
    chan_dispose ( signals );
}

该程序将打印：

 no message received
no message sent
no activity