z80 os

ZEBRA Z80 Operating System

ZEBRA is a multi-tasking operating system for Z80 computers, implemented mostly in C with some assembler.

License

This software is licensed under GPLv3. For the full license terms, see here.

Contributing

If you are interested in getting the OS set up for your own system please get in touch!

Overview

The operating system targets my custom Z80 modular computer.

The kernel is intended to run with 32KB of RAM and provides user interaction via a serial interface. User programs are each allocated a 32KB page of banked RAM, allowing the multiple programs to be executing concurrently.

This repository also contains some builtin utility programs, such as a BASIC interpreter.

Current Functionality

Bootloader

Two-stage bootloader allowing loading of OS images from filesystem

Kernel

• System:
  • Multi-tasking using banked RAM
  • Syscalls for hardware abstraction, implemented using Z80 rst instruction
  • FAT16 "flat" filesystem (no directory handling) supporting the following operations:
    • Writing new files (no "append" mode)
    • Reading files
    • Deleting files
• Hardware:
  • TTL serial I/O
  • CompactFlash card for data storage

Command Processor

• Simple command-line interface
• Built-in commands, e.g. dir for viewing files
• Executable loader for loading programs from disk

Planned Functionality (Short-Term)

• Debugger/monitor
• Loading programs over serial in Intel-HEX format
• Saving loaded programs to disk
• "Append" mode when writing to files

Planned Functionality (Long-Term)

• Graphical interface (requires video hardware)

System Design

Boot Process

On startup the modular computer has 8k of ROM at 0x0000, and 32k of RAM at 0x8000. A bootloader resides in ROM and has basic CF-card drivers able to read individual sectors from disk.

A secondary bootloader resides on the first 9 sectors of the CF-card. This second-stage loader has the same CF-card routines but additionally has a FAT-16 driver able to read files from the disk, which is formatted in FAT16 format.

This secondary bootloader is loaded into RAM at 0x8000 and then executed. It first switches the lower bank (0x0000 to 0x7fff) from ROM to RAM and writes the kernel image, located on the CF-card's filesystem as kernel.bin, to RAM at 0x0000. The secondary loader then resets to 0x0000 to boot into the kernel.

The kernel initializes a complete filesystem driver and other operating system components, then loads the command-processor (command.exe) from the disk and begins executing it.

At this point control is handed to the user, who is able to interact with the system via the command-line to run programs.

Memory Map

Low RAM                                  High RAM

0x0000┌────────────────────────┐         0x8000┌────────────────────────┐
      │ Kernel                 │               │ User Program Area      │
      │                        │               │                        │
      │                        │               │                        │
      │                        │               │                        │
      │                        │               │                        │
      │                        │               │                        │
      │                        │               │                        │
      │                        │               │                        │
      │                        │               │                        │
      │                        │               │                        │
      │                        │               │                        │
      │                        │               │                        │
      │                        │               │                        │
      │                        │               │                        │
      │                        │               │                        │
      │                        │               │                        │
      │                        │               │                        │
      │                        │               │                        │
      │                        │               │                        │
      │                        │               │                        │
      │                        │               │                        │
      │                        │               │                        │
      │                        │               │                        │
      │                        │               │                        │
      │                        │               │                        │
      │                        │         0xe000├────────────────────────┤
      │                        │               │ Stack                  │
      │                        │               │                        │
      │                        │               │                        │
      │                        │         0xF800├────────────────────────┤
      │                        │               │ User Program Args      │
      └────────────────────────┘               └────────────────────────┘

• Kernel: This is the memory area in which the kernel (including reset vectors) resides
• User Program Area: User programs are loaded into this memory area when executed
• Stack: Reserved for program stack. Stack pointer is initialized to 0xF7FF on program startup and grows down.
• User Program Args: Reserved for user program arguments (argv and argc).