摘要
本文介绍了RestTemplate调用http的几种写法，包括post+get，及传递参数的方式，让我们拿下它。
可选配置
依赖坐标pom.xml
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.httpcomponentsgroupId>
<artifactId>httpclientartifactId>
<version>4.5.14version>
dependency>
自定义配置
package org.coffeebeans.resttemplate;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.http.client.HttpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory;
import org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
/**
* ClassName: RestTemplateConfig
* Author: OakWang
*/
@Configuration
publicclassRestTemplateConfig {
@Bean
public RestTemplate restTemplate() {
HttpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory factory = new HttpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory();
factory.setConnectTimeout(30000); // 连接超时时间（毫秒）
factory.setReadTimeout(30000); // 读取超时时间（毫秒）
RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate(factory);
MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverterjsonConverter = new MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter();
restTemplate.getMessageConverters().add(jsonConverter);// 添加JSON消息转换器
return restTemplate;
}
}
实现get请求
- GET+空参
String requestUrl = "https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/posts/1";
ResponseEntity response = restTemplate.getForEntity(requestUrl, String.class);
if (Objects.equals(HttpStatus.OK, response.getStatusCode())) {
log.info("请求响应结果: {}, {}", requestUrl, response.getBody());
// 解析...
}
- GET+单参
String requestUrl = "https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/posts/{id}";
ResponseEntity<String> response = restTemplate.getForEntity(requestUrl, String.class, 1); // 参数值为 1
if (Objects.equals(HttpStatus.OK, response.getStatusCode())) {
log.info("请求响应结果: {}, {}", requestUrl, response.getBody());
// 解析...
}
- GET+多参-方式1
String requestUrl = "https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/comments?id={id}&email={email}";
Map<String, Object> params = new HashMap<>();
params.put("id", 1);
params.put("email", "Eliseo@gardner.biz");
ResponseEntity<String> response = restTemplate.getForEntity(requestUrl, String.class, params);
if (Objects.equals(HttpStatus.OK, response.getStatusCode())) {
log.info("请求响应结果: {}, {}", requestUrl, response.getBody());
// 解析...
}
- GET+多参-方式2
String requestUrl = UriComponentsBuilder.fromHttpUrl("https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/posts/1/comments")
.queryParam("id", "3")
.queryParam("email", "Nikita@garfield.biz")
.toUriString();
ResponseEntity<String> response = restTemplate.getForEntity(requestUrl, String.class);
if (Objects.equals(HttpStatus.OK, response.getStatusCode())) {
log.info("请求响应结果: {}, {}", requestUrl, response.getBody());
// 解析...
}
实现post请求
- POST+空参
String requestUrl = "https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/posts";
ResponseEntity- POST+JSON 实体对象参数
String requestUrl="https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/posts";
List entityList = new ArrayList<>(); //对象参数
entityList.add(MyEntity.builder().title("foo").body("bar").userId("1").build());
HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
headers.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON);
headers.set("Authorization", "");
HttpEntity - POST+JSON 对象参数
String requestUrl="https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/posts";
Map params = new HashMap<>();
params.put("title", "foo");
params.put("body", "bar");
params.put("userId", "1");
MultiValueMap form = new LinkedMultiValueMap<>();
for (Map.Entry entry : params.entrySet()) {
form.add(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
}
HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
headers.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON);
HttpEntity> requestEntity = new HttpEntity<>(form, headers);
ResponseEntity - POST+表单提交
String requestUrl="https://";
// 1. 初始化参数
Map<String, String> params = new HashMap<>();
params.put("title", "foo");
// 2. 构造 MultiValueMap
MultiValueMap<String, String> form = new LinkedMultiValueMap<>();
for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : params.entrySet()) {
form.add(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
}
// 3. 设置请求头
HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
headers.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_FORM_URLENCODED);
// 4. 发送请求 返回Object或者指定类型
HttpEntityString, String>> requestEntity = new HttpEntity<>(form, headers);
ResponseEntity<Object> response = restTemplate.postForEntity(requestUrl, requestEntity, Object.class);
//5.处理结果
if (Objects.equals(HttpStatus.OK, response.getStatusCode())) {
log.info("请求响应结果: {}, {}", requestUrl, response.getBody());
// 解析...
}
总结
以上我们整理了RestTemplate调用接口的几种用法，包括post+get，空参、单参、多参的使用场景。
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